Index
Actun Polbilche, 22
Aguateca. See Dos Pilas–Aguateca
Ah K’in title, 219–20
Aj Ch’anaah (Toniná lord), 218
Aj Chak Maax (Laxtunich lord), 35
Aj Chak Wayib’ K’utiim (El Cayo lord), 16–17, 60, 266(n8)
Aj K’ahk’ O Chahk (god), 147, 228, 229
Aj K’ax Bahlam (Tortuguero lord), 22, 229
Aj Nik (captive), 79–80, 223, 226, 229, 230
Aj Pakal Tahn (Comalcalco lord), 13, 21
Aj Sak Teles (Lacanhá lord), 17, 72, 74, 209, 265(n4)
Aj Sik’ab’ (Palenque lord), 213
Aj Uk (captive), 223
Aj Wosal (Naranjo ruler), 87, 238
Ajaw title, 10, 20, 52, 65, 86, 92, 106, 110, 180–81, 192, 194. 215, 261, 268(n1)
Ajen Yohl Mat (Palenque ruler), 195–96, 213
ak’bal “night, darkness,” 82, 94, 255
Alta Verapaz, 72, 183, 244–45, 253, 255–56, 263, 280–81(nn1, 2)
Álvaro Obregón wooden box, 203, 207
ancestors, 9, 11–12, 60, 70, 110, 145, 190, 256, 260; ancestral bones, 229, 270(n13); meteors and thunderbolts, 55–56, 160
Annals of Cuauhtitlan, 109
Annals of the Cakchiquel, 43, 44, 108–109, 270(n14)
Arroyo de Piedra, 240
Ascalapha odorata. See Black Witch Moth
Aztec, 4, 12, 45, 85, 96, 108, 113, 140, 141, 143, 190, 244
b’aah “first” title, 11, 22, 25, 213
B’ax Witz “quartz mountain,” 50
Bahlam Jol, 238
Bajlaj Chan K’awiil (Dos Pilas lord), 28, 208, 237–40, 262
Bakab title, 11, 54–55, 209, 211, 236, 264; Wayeb god, 39, 76–77
ballcourt, 171, 248, 249–51, 281(n4)
banded-bird title, 13, 15, 19–25, 52, 208, 217, 261
Basket Grass (goddess), 254
Bird Jaguar IV (Yaxchilán lord), 22, 31–33, 59, 90, 107, 127, 137, 141–142, 209, 223–26, 229, 231–37, 262, 278(n10), 278–79(nn2, 7, 8), 280(n11)
Bital, 239
Black Witch Moth (Ascalapha odorata), 126, 272(n18)
Black Witch Moth Tlaloc. See Tlaloc
bloodletter, 15, 21–22, 25, 97, 105, 117–19, 141, 207–208, 227, 230, 279(n7)
Bolon Yokte’ K’uh (god), 92–93, 269(n6)
Bolon Yooj Ch’ok Aj “Rodent Head” (Toniná lord), 199
Bonampak, 72, 105, 168, 201, 208–11; murals, 30–31, 36, 131–33, 280(n10); Stela 2, 13, 280(n11), Stela 3, 13, 126
burials, 17, 21, 44, 58, 104, 159, 167, 169, 177, 189, 201, 208, 275(n1), 278(n8), 279(n5); lintel, 8, 60, 107, 189
butterfly, 123–125, 136, 140, 272(n16–18)
cacao, 206, 246, 248, 250, 256, 257, 281(n2)
calabash (Crescentia cujete). See gourd
Calakmul, 28, 163, 220, 237–38, 241, 279(n4)
calendar, 6–7, 11, 54, 76, 82, 93, 130, 146
Cancuén, 28, 164, 252, 262–263
captives, 12, 17, 27, 29–37, 79, 82, 99, 175, 198–99, 205, 215–17, 223–24, 236–38, 241
Caracol, 28, 52, 60, 97, 107, 159, 182, 238, 270(n13)
Casper (Palenque ruler), 23
caterpillar, 114–13, 124–27, 152. See also Tlaloc
celt, 42, 56–67, 109, 266(n6–7)
centipede, 44, 48, 50, 88, 92, 94, 98, 105–110, 228–29, 233–34, 269(n8)
Ch’ajom title, 11, 13–19, 72, 121–22, 165, 168, 182, 186–87, 203, 221, 224, 226–29, 232–35, 237, 239–42, 266(n8)
Ch’ok title, 41, 199, 201, 203, 210, 277(n7)
Ch’ol, 5, 41, 53, 93, 114, 124, 129, 141, 144, 272(n18), 274(n27), 275(n4)
Ch’olti’, 64
Chahk (god), 6, 38–81, 91, 96, 104, 113, 123, 162, 176, 242, 260, 266(nn4, 10), 267(n15), 269(n8)
Chak Suutz’ (Palenque lord), 212–15, 261
Chak Tok Ich’aak I (Tikal ruler), 4, 107, 165, 167, 170, 177, 182, 185
Chan Mo’ Witz (four macaw mountain), 47
Chican, 251–52
Chich’en, Alta Verapaz, 245, 252, 281(n4)
Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 44, 75
Chooj (Bonampak prince), 133, 210–11
Chuj, 130, 133, 144, 270(n2), 271(n11)
Cit Chac Coh (god), 133
Cóban, Alta Verapaz, 244–45, 252–54, 257
Codex Borbonicus, 146
Codex Fejérváry-Mayer, 146
Codex Laud, 146
Codex Nuttall, 146
Codex Telleriano-Remensis, 45, 115, 117
Codex Tonalamatl Aubin, 146
Codex Tudela, 146
Codex Vaticanus, 146
Códice de Santa María Asunción, 146
co-essence, 54, 55, 85, 101, 113–15, 130, 132–33, 140, 144, 147, 258, 270(n1)
complementary opposition, 7, 69, 90, 94, 98, 101, 255, 269(n4)
copal (Portium), 12, 13, 14, 27, 187, 253
Copán, 45, 47, 51–52, 62, 72, 97, 100, 120–21, 123, 127–28, 133–34, 155, 162, 164, 182–84, 187–88, 220, 235, 254–56, 260; Altar Q, 132, 183–84, 187, 260; Hunal structure, 182, 183, 235; Structure 66c of 8n-11 bench, 94–95, 101, 104; Structure 9n-8-82 bench, 14; Group 10K-4 bench, 95, 101. See also K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’, K’uk’ Mo’ Ajaw, Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat
Córdova, Francisco Hernández de, 26
coyote, 133, 180. See also wolf tail
crocodile. See Milky Way Crocodile
Dance of the Centipedes, 109. See also centipede
Day of the Dead, 12
deity impersonation, 228–29, 231, 233, 235, 239
Dos Pilas–Aguateca, 15–16, 23, 28, 30, 107, 119, 121, 134, 151, 189, 237–41, 262–63, 278(n11). See also Itzamnaaj K’awiil; Dos Pilas Ruler 3; Lady Six Sky
Dos Pilas–Aguateca Ruler 3, 12, 15, 17, 119, 121, 125, 134, 218
Dresden Codex, 39, 42, 49, 50, 55, 76–77, 86, 88, 132, 155, 247, 268(n20), 269(n7)
Dzibilnocac, 138
eagle, 85–86, 94, 148, 271(n10), 273(n21)
eagle-jaguar warriors, 85–86
Ebeet title, 25–26
Ehecatl (god), 85
El Achiotal, 182
El Cayo, 13, 16, 18, 60, 266(n8)
El Cedro, 72
El Encanto, 166
El Perú, 167, 169–70, 182, 229, 262, 280(n12)
El Zotz, 170
Emilanio Zapata panel, 47
fire drilling, 103, 105, 110, 126, 260; T122 k’ak’ (fire sign), 63, 66, 120, 167
flint axe, 5, 42, 50, 51, 62, 68, 80, 81, 162, 258
flint blade, 44, 49, 56, 81, 105–106, 107, 109, 250, 259
flower imagery, 89, 136, 193, 194. See also Tagetes lucida
Foliated Jaguar (Tikal ruler), 165–67
forest falcon, 148–49
GI (god), 8, 16, 24, 40, 41, 51, 52, 63, 81, 96–101, 110, 195, 263, 275(n6); headdress, 39, 51, 96–99, 101, 269(n10)
GII (god), 8, 16, 22, 40, 41, 51, 52, 77, 81, 93, 107, 195, 200, 258–59, 277
GIII (god), 6, 8, 16, 41, 51, 52, 175, 81, 82–83, 97, 100–107, 109–10, 133, 147, 175, 178, 195, 198, 211, 221, 246, 259, 269(n10)
God E, 70
God G. See Sun God
God L, 6, 147, 155, 244–257, 259, 263–64, 276(n2); Uhxlajuun Chan Nal Kuy, 147, 155, 246, 247
God M, 49–50
God Q, 50
gourd, 62, 70, 91, 131, 250, 281(n2)
great horned owl, 143–44, 146, 147, 272(n23)
Heart of Sky, 41, 61, 90, 93, 96, 251, 258
heirlooms, 15, 22, 79, 80, 178, 191, 195, 198, 200, 208, 260–61, 279(n7)
hix (male jaguar), 130–32, 157, 269(n9), 272(n12)
Homul–La Sufricaya. See La Sufricaya
hummingbird, 89
Hunahpu (god), 7–8, 11, 70–71, 84, 85, 86, 89, 93, 108, 110, 145, 245, 248–51, 264
ic bolay-Bothrops asper, 265(n1)
Ik’ Muyil Muwaan II (Tortuguero ruler), 22
incense bag, 12–14, 17, 21, 150, 155, 156–58, 165, 168, 191, 198, 203, 210, 261, 276(n5)
incense. See copal
Itz’in Taaj title, 220
Itzaj, 27, 143, 148, 256, 271(n11)
Itzamnaaj (god), 10, 16, 24, 25, 51, 52, 62, 63, 75, 83, 90–91, 93, 96, 99, 102, 122, 246, 263, 264, 268(nn1, 3), 269(n4), 274(n26)
Itzamnaaj bird, 90, 175, 268(n3), 269(n4)
Itzamnaaj K’awiil (Dos Pilas ruler), 75, 237–38, 240
Itzamnaaj K’awiil (god), 75. See also Itzamnaaj
Itzan, 237
Itzcoatl (god), 117
Itzpapalotl (god), 9, 45, 140, 270(n14), 273(n17)
Ixtepeque, 3
Jacalteca, 115
jaguar claws, 107, 130, 132, 133, 160
Jaguar God of the Underworld, 83, 111
Jaguar Paddler, 103–105, 107, 133, 246, 270(n12)
jal “braid” motif, 58
Janaab Ajaw (Palenque lord), 20, 23–24, 217, 218
Janaab Pakal (Palenque lord), 78, 157, 195
Jannab Ti’ O (Hix Witz ruler), 147, 159
Jasaw Chan K’awiil I (Tikal ruler), 17, 28, 169, 188–89, 191, 208, 239
Jo’ Tinam Witz, 171, 182, 184–85
Joy Chitam Ahk (Piedras Negras prince), 201, 203–204
K’ab’is Uchich Aj Sib’ab’ (Palenque lord), 213
K’ahk’ Ti’ Ch’ich’ (Kaanul ruler), 164, 188, 191
K’ahk’ Tiliw Chan Chaak (Naranjo ruler), 67, 107, 220, 238–39, 241, 276(n3), 280(n13)
K’ahk’ Ukalaw Chan Chaak (Naranjo ruler), 241
K’ak’ Yipiyaj Chan Chahk (Naranjo ruler), 67
K’altuun Hix (Kaanul ruler), 238, 272
K’an Tok Wayib (Yaxchilán lord), 22, 31
K’awiil (god), 40, 43, 53, 55–56, 58, 60, 63–64, 67, 68–69, 72, 74, 76–77, 93, 109, 123, 164, 183, 232–33
K’awiil Mo’ (Palenque lord), 199, 215–17
K’elen Hix (Toniná lord), 218
K’iche’, 7, 9–10, 12, 13, 61–62, 86, 110, 114, 116, 130, 133, 145, 266(n10), 272(n15)
K’in Tahn K’eweel (god title), 101
K’inich Ahkal Mo’ Nahb III (Palenque ruler), 14–15, 20–24, 51–52, 78, 87, 97, 157, 180–81, 197–200, 211–15, 217, 261, 277(n7)
K’inich Ajaw (god and title), 83, 88, 91–92, 101, 111
K’inich Baaknal Chaak (Toniná), 199, 215
K’inchil Kab, 238
K’inich Janaab Pakal I (Palenque ruler), 10, 14–15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 55, 61, 67, 72, 74, 78, 87, 98–99, 109, 131, 157–59, 192–97, 200, 213, 215, 228, 261, 267(n15), 277(n6–7)
K’inich K’an Joy Chitam II (Palenque ruler), 14, 16, 21, 23, 29, 53, 67, 78, 80, 87, 181, 191–97, 213, 217–18, 276(n4), 277(n7)
K’inich K’uk’ Bahlam II (Palenque ruler), 23
K’inich Kan Bahlam I (Palenque ruler), 195
K’inich Kan Bahlam II (Palenque ruler), 20, 46, 49, 78, 80, 87, 97–98, 106–107, 119, 134, 175, 178, 192–200, 213, 215–17, 275(n6), 276(nn2–5), 277(nn6–7)
K’inich O Naah (sun-like owl house), 101, 147
K’inich Waw (Tikal ruler, Kaanul prince), 188
K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’ (Copán ruler), 132, 164, 182–89, 235, 260
K’inich Yo’nal Ahk I (Piedras Negras ruler), 204
K’inich Yo’nal Ahk II (Piedras Negras ruler), 133, 205, 272
K’uk’ Mo’ Ajaw (Copán ruler), 182–83
Kaanul, 17, 28, 95, 160, 163–65, 167, 182, 188–89, 191, 208, 220, 224, 236, 237–39, 240–42, 244, 262–63, 274(n25), 276(n9), 277(n7), 280(n12). See also K’ahk’ Ti’ Ch’ich’; K’altuun Hix; Sky Witness; Yuknoom; Ch’een, Yuknoom Yich’aak K’ahk’
Kaloomte’ title, 4, 10–11, 95, 162–189, 191–94, 199, 201, 202–203, 207–209, 211, 222, 223–27, 231–32, 236–42, 259–61, 264, 280(nn10, 12)
Kaqchikel, 43, 44, 45, 108, 130, 143, 144, 270(n14), 271(n11)
Knot-eye Jaguar II (Yaxchilán ruler), 59, 72, 79, 209
ko’haw helmet, 181, 194–95, 201–202, 204, 205, 207–208, 276(n5), 278(n9)
Komkom, 238
La Corona, 136, 159, 164, 220, 236; Element 55, 95; Panel 1, 16, 18; Panel 6, 134, 137, 138, 164, 236, 239, 241, 242, 262, 276(n9)
La Pasadita, 59
Lady Blood (goddess), 44, 154, 250, 264
Lady Bone Water (goddess), 69–70, 249–50, 254, 264
Lady Bulu (Dos Pilas queen), 238, 239
Lady Cacao (goddess), 250
Lady Canil (goddess), 250
Lady Ik’ Skull (Yaxchilán queen), 261–62, 224–25, 231–33, 236, 261–62
Lady Ix Ti’kanal Ajaw (Kaanul princess), 164
Lady K’abal Xook (Yaxchilán queen), 122, 220, 224, 226–31, 234, 235, 236, 239, 242, 262, 279(n7), 280(nn10–11)
Lady Kinuw (Palenque lady), 196, 213
Lady Mut Bahlam (Yaxchilán queen), 224, 226, 232, 234, 236–37
Lady Nah Ek (Kaanul princess), 165, 236, 241, 242
Lady Ohl (Yaxchilán lady), 105, 122, 228–235, 241, 242, 262, 279(n9)
Lady Sak K’uk’ (Palenque queen), 195, 196, 261
Lady Six Sky (Naranjo queen mother), 237–42, 262, 280(n13)
Lady Toh (goddess), 250
Lady Tz’akbu Ajaw (Palenque queen), 67, 68, 192, 277(n6)
Lady Tzi (goddess), 250
Lady Wak Jalam Chan Ajaw (Yaxchilán queen), 224, 236, 237, 278(n2)
Lady Wak Tuun (Yaxchilán queen), 224, 232, 234, 236, 278(n2)
Lady Yohl Ik’nal (Palenque queen), 23, 195, 261
Landa, Bishop Diego de, 20, 23, 39, 54, 56, 88, 102, 133, 143, 219
laughing falcon, 90, 122, 247, 268(n3), 274(n26)
Laxtunich, 34
lechuza y armas, 173–75
Lepidoptera. See Black Witch Moth
lightning luminosity, 65, 90, 95, 117; T24/T1017 glyph, 56, 58, 60–68, 81, 90, 102, 117–119, 212, 258, 266(n5)
lightning, 5, 6, 38, 42–43, 46, 53–54, 56, 58, 60–68, 72, 74–75, 80–81, 90, 95, 98, 107–108, 109, 112–113, 117, 258–59, 265(n1), 266(n4, n10), 269(n5), 272(n16)
Los Horcones Stela 4, 151
Macaw Owl, 250
Madrid Codex, 44, 49, 50, 77, 219
marigold. See Tagetes lucida
meteor, 5, 6, 29, 42, 54, 111, 112–17, 126–27, 138, 140–41, 149, 151–52, 160–61, 190, 242, 259–60, 270(nn1, 3), 271(n9). See also Waxaklajuun Ub’aah Kan
metonym, 77, 78, 79, 81, 85, 173, 183, 259, 269(n5)
Mictecaciuatl (goddess), 143
Mictlantecutli (god), 143
Milky Way Crocodile, 51, 91, 95, 96, 99–100, 267(n17), 269(n7)
mirror, 58, 61, 63, 137, 180, 227, 231, 271(n9)
Mo’ Witz (macaw mountain), 47
Moon Skull (Yaxchilán ruler), 224–25, 235, 279(nn3–4)
Mopán, 42, 96, 143, 148, 273(nn20, 23)
morning star. See Venus
Moth Tlaloc. See Black Witch Moth Tlaloc
moth, 5, 112, 121, 122, 123–24, 140, 142, 144, 149, 160, 259, 272(nn16–19, 24). See also Black Witch Moth
Museo VICAL de Arte Precolombino y Vidrio Moderno, 167–69, 203, 275(n1)
Muwaan Mat (Palenque ruler), 51–52, 148, 196
muwaan. See hawk
Naranjo, 8, 13, 28, 60, 75, 105, 107, 119, 126, 127, 134, 189, 220, 223, 225, 237–42, 270(n12), 276(n3), 280(n13). See also K’ahk’ Tiliw Chan Chaak; K’ahk’ Ukalaw Chan Chaak; K’ak’ Yipiyaj Chan Chahk; Yax Mayuy Chan Chaahk
Nine Place, 177, 275(n5). See also Seven Place Fire Mountain
Nuevo Jalisco, 72
Núñez de la Vega, Francisco, 113
Nuun Ujol Chaak (Tikal ruler), 28, 118, 237, 277(n7)
obsidian, 3–6, 42, 112, 114–20, 123, 124, 126, 137–38, 140, 142, 145, 150–55, 160–61, 165, 175, 211, 219–21, 226, 242–43, 244, 246–47, 253, 259–64; bloodletter, 117–19, 149, 230; Pacuca, 163, 164, 185; zigzag design, 116, 117, 124, 127, 134, 137, 151–52, 180, 195, 198, 201, 237, 276(n2)
ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), 131, 271(n10–11)
ocelotl, 85
One Ajaw (god), 10–11, 25, 65, 86–87, 92, 94, 110–11, 263, 267(n12), 268(n1); sak huun headdress, 10, 20, 52, 65, 86, 92, 106, 110, 180–81, 192, 194, 215, 261
One Batz (god), 7, 249, 250, 263–64
One Chouen (god), 7, 249, 250, 263–64
One Death (god), 70, 89, 145, 250, 251
One Hunahpu (god), 7, 69–70, 84, 86, 93, 109, 145, 245, 248–51, 254, 263, 281(n2)
One Ixim (god), 10, 69–70, 72, 74, 75, 82, 86, 89, 104, 109, 240, 253, 256, 263, 264, 267(n16), 281(n2)
Owl Tlaloc. See Tlaloc
owl, 101, 143–49. See also Tlaloc
Paddler Gods, 104–105, 107, 133, 244, 246, 255–56, 264
Palenque, 8; Dumbarton Oaks Tablet, 41, 54, 65, 67, 68, 92, 182; Museo De Sitio bodega number 211, 60; North Group, 198; Oval Palace Tablet, 196, 197, 222, 261; Subterranean Tableritos, 193; Tablet of the Cross, 20, 65, 97, 98; Tablet of the Foliated Cross, 46, 65, 71, 119; Tablet of the Slaves, 102, 157, 181, 197, 213–15, 261; Tablet of the Sun, 78, 80, 83, 101, 102, 105–106, 175, 198, 217, 246; Temple of the Inscriptions, 72, 97, 98, 101, 102, 109, 110, 193, 195, 200, 269(n10); Temple XVI, 217, 218; Temple XVII, 49, 50, 134, 199, 200; Temple XVIII, 58, 196, 197, 198, 277(n7); Temple XIX, 13, 20, 23–25, 51–52, 63, 64, 101, 157, 180–81, 197, 211, 215, 217–18, 261, 265(n3); Temple XX, 55, 200–201; Temple XXI, 14, 21, 24, 101, 197, 217, 228, 235. See also Ajen Yohl Mat; Casper; K’inich Ahkal Mo’ Nahb III; K’inich Janaab Pakal I; K’inich K’an Joy Chitam II; K’inich K’uk’ Bahlam II; K’inich Kan Bahlam I; K’inich Kan Bahlam II; Muwaan Mat; Upakal K’inich
Paqam (god), 255
Parrot Chahk (La Mar ruler), 35–37
pars pro toto representation, 39, 66, 88, 103, 119, 141, 147, 157, 160, 172, 211
patron gods, 8–11, 41, 82, 189, 192
pejpem (Lepidoptera), 124, 149
Piedras Negras, 12–13, 21, 28, 60, 91, 132, 204–205; Panel 2, 188, 201–203, 204, 205–207, 210, 220, 278(n9); Panel 15, 12; Stela 6, 12, 63; Stela 7, 126, 155, 220; Stela 8, 126, 134, 272(n14); Stela 9, 123, 149, 151, 153, 176, 220; Stela 11, 12–13, 63, 269(n7); Stela 12, 35, 216, 237, 241; Stela 13, 13; Stela 25, 63; Stela 35, 220, 277(n7); Stela 40, 60, 229. See also K’inich Yo’nal Ahk I; K’inich Yo’nal Ahk II; Turtle Tooth
Piedras Negras Ruler 1. See K’inich Yo’nal Ahk I
Piedras Negras Ruler 2, 201
Piedras Negras Ruler 3. See K’inich Yo’nal Ahk II
Piedras Negras Ruler 4, 274
Piedras Negras Ruler 7, 36, 206–207, 216
place of duality, 61, 75, 86, 87, 90–91, 98
Plan de Ayutla, 72
Pokomchi, 130
Pomoná, 13, 36, 207, 216, 277(n7)
Popol Vuh, 7, 9, 11–12, 41, 44, 46, 61, 60, 70, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 96, 109, 110, 133, 145, 159, 244–45, 248–49, 258, 263, 268(n3)
poslom (co-essence), 113, 115, 140, 144
Potonchan, 26–27
Principal Bird Deity. See Itzamnaaj
puma, 115, 129–34, 136, 151, 164, 210, 254, 271(n11), 272(nn13, 15)
Q’anjob’al, 130
Q’aq’awitz (Kaqchikel lord), 44–45, 108–109, 268(n22), 270(n14)
Q’eqchi’, 42, 113, 114, 130, 144, 149, 245, 253, 265(n1), 272(n23), 280(n1)
Quadripartite Badge. See GI: headdress
quetzal, 61, 69, 109, 155, 182–83, 187, 244, 253, 254, 257, 262, 26, 280(n1)
Quetzalcoatl (god), 85, 109, 189
Raxon Mountain, 253
Río Amarillo, 186
Río Azul, 58, 65, 99, 171, 266(n7)
Río Cahabón, 251
Río Mestelá, 281(n4)
Rocnimá, 256–57
Rothschildia Orizaba. See Itzpapalotl
sacrificed heart motif. See Teotihuacán
Sajal title, 11, 16–17, 25, 36, 72, 217, 236
sak huun headdress. See One Ajaw
Sak Tz’i’, 204, 205, 209, 265(n4)
Sakjal Hix (Dos Pilas lord), 15
Salamá, 244, 251, 253, 274(n26), 281(n3)
San Martín Jilotepeque, 3
scepter, 22, 53, 60, 68, 77, 118, 160–61, 168, 183, 200, 203, 259, 275(n2), 276(n5)
Seacal, Alta Verapaz, 72, 268(n18)
Seibal, 28, 30, 97, 129, 159, 189, 218, 240, 263, 278(n11)
Seven Death (god), 70, 89, 145, 250, 251
Seven Hunahpu (god), 7, 93, 145, 245, 248
Seven Macaw (god), 41, 268(n3)
Seven Place Fire Mountain, 177, 275(n5). See also Nine Place
Seventh Centipede raptorial bird. See Sun God
Shield Jaguar III (Yaxchilán ruler), 12, 13, 21, 49, 59, 79–80, 122, 175, 209, 219, 223–36, 262, 272(n12), 278(n1), 279(n7)
Shield Jaguar IV (Yaxchilán ruler), 23, 33–35, 82, 209, 211, 224, 236, 265(n4)
Sihyaj K’ahk’ (Kaloomte’), 4, 167–70, 172, 177, 179, 182, 185–89, 203, 259–60
Sky Witness (Kaanul ruler), 188
spear thrower, 146, 150, 173, 175, 176, 180, 198, 259, 263, 273(n22)
Spearthrower Owl (Jo’ Tinam Witz lord), 4, 146, 159, 167, 170, 171–79, 181, 182, 184–85, 186, 187–89, 256–60, 263
Spondylus shell, 25, 39, 52, 53, 97, 163
Starry Deer Crocodile. See Milky Way Crocodile
stela, 13, 52, 58, 60, 105, 165, 170–71, 175, 177, 180–81, 188, 195, 221; Marcador sculpture, 146, 170, 171–76, 184
stingray spine bloodletter. See bloodletter
Stingray Spine Paddler. See Paddler Gods
Sudden Thunderbolt (god), 41
Sun God, 6, 83, 85, 87–88, 91, 92–95, 99–101, 109, 110–11, 178, 246, 269(n8); Seventh Centipede raptorial bird, 92–94
Tagetes lucida (marigold), 12, 121, 187, 194, 222
Tajoom Uk’ab Tuun (Kaloomte’), 188, 202–203, 207–208
Tamarindito, 240
Tecuciztecatl (god), 85
Teotihuacán, 4–5, 11, 12, 14, 85, 116–17, 119–20, 123, 126–27, 137, 142, 148, 155, 160, 163–64, 170, 173, 180, 182, 183, 184–85, 187–88, 201, 205, 208, 219, 235, 242–243, 259–60; Atetelco, 121, 146, 150, 153; Conjunto del Sol, 183, 187; La Ventilla, 171; Pyramid of Moon, 271(n9); Pyramid of the Sun, 187; sacrificed heart motif, 119–20, 134, 150, 152, 157, 159, 165; Tepantitla, 136; Tetitla, 4, 145–46
Thorn Broom (god), 253–54
Ti’sakhuun title, 25, 195, 213, 220
Tikal, 4, 6, 11, 28, 165–67, 169–75, 177–82, 185, 187–89, 191, 195, 201, 203, 208, 225, 237–39, 255, 259–60, 262–63, 274(n25), 275(n1); bones, 17, 104, 159, 169, 189, 208, 270(n11). See also Chak Tok Ich’aak I; Foliated Jaguar; Jasaw Chan K’awiil I; K’inich Waw; Nuun Ujol Chaak; Unen Bahlam; Wak Chan K’awiil; Yax Eb Xook; Yax Nuun Ahiin I; Yax Nuun Ahiin II; Yik’in Chan K’awiil
Tiwol (Palenque prince), 196–97, 213, 215, 261, 277(n7)
Tlaloc 4–5, 6, 9, 11–13, 14, 18–19, 28–29, 112–161, 191–222; Black Witch Moth Tlaloc, 136–43, 160–61, 163, 226, 229, 237, 259, 275(n2); Feline Tlaloc, 133–36, 138, 151, 160; Owl Tlaloc, 149–55, 157, 159, 160, 201, 205, 274; Waxaklajuun Ub’aah Kan (caterpillar-serpent), 13, 122–27, 134, 138, 149–50, 152, 160–61, 164, 168–69, 172, 176, 184, 189, 191, 201–205, 207–208, 210, 227–29, 232–33, 241–42, 271(n8), 275(nn1–2, 7), 276(nn1–2)
tok’-pakal (flint-shield), 38, 78–80, 81, 106, 173, 175, 181, 192, 217, 222, 229, 246, 259
Toniná, 28, 29, 147, 198–99, 208, 215–16, 218, 255, 277(n6)
Tonsured Maize God, 60
Tres Isla, 47
Turtle Tooth (Piedras Negras ruler), 188, 202–208
Tuubal, 238
tz’ikin (bird), 93–94
Tz’utujil, 61
Tzeltal, 5, 41, 54, 93, 113, 114, 124, 130, 144, 151, 209, 270(n3)
Tzendales, 13
tzihuizin (co-essence), 113
Tzotzil, 5, 39, 55, 93, 113, 114, 115, 124, 129, 133, 140, 144, 151, 181, 198, 266(n4), 271(n11), 272(n16)
Uaxactún, 132, 133, 167, 169, 170, 177
Uhxlajuun Chan Nal Kuy. See God L
Unen Bahlam (Tikal ruler), 58, 165, 166, 272(n12)
Upakal K’inich (Palenque ruler), 14–15, 21–22, 24, 87, 217–18
ux yop huun (headdress), 16, 157, 181, 191, 194–98, 211, 213–15, 261, 275(n8), 276(n4)
Uxul, 164
Uxwitza’, 182
Volcán Santa María, 44, 108–109, 270(n14)
Wak Chan K’awiil (Tikal ruler), 152, 188, 274(n25)
Waxaklajuun Ub’aah Kan (caterpillar-serpent). See Tlaloc
whippoorwill, 89
Wiinte’naah (Tlaloc building), 18–19, 168–69, 177–78, 180–83, 185–88, 203, 208, 222, 228, 232, 235, 235, 242, 260
Xak’al Miht Tu-Muuy Ti-Ch’o (Palenque lord), 15, 21, 24
Xbalanque (god), 7, 8, 70–71, 84–86, 89, 93, 108, 250, 251, 264
Xmucane (goddess), 7, 61, 71, 90, 93, 145, 248, 249, 250
Xpiyacoc (god), 7, 61, 90, 93, 248, 268(n3)
Xucaneb Mountain, 244, 245, 247, 252–54, 257, 263, 281(n4)
Xulu (god), 255
Yajaw Chan Muwaan (Bonampak ruler), 30–33, 131, 148, 209–11, 265(n4)
Yajawk’ak’ title, 25, 36, 102–103, 157, 172, 191, 195, 199, 211–17, 221–22, 237, 260–61, 269(n10)
Yax Eb Xook (Tikal ruler), 175
Yax Ha’al Chahk (god), 40, 63, 67, 75, 266(n10)
Yax Haal Witz, 47
Yax Mayuy Chan Chaahk (Naranjo ruler), 189
Yax Nuun Ahiin I (Tikal ruler), 4, 170, 171, 177, 179–80, 185, 201, 221
Yax Nuun Ahiin II (Tikal ruler), 188, 191
Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat (Copán ruler), 72, 74, 183–84
Yaxchilán, 10, 14, 78, 105, 122, 127, 132, 137, 141, 147, 175, 187, 193, 201, 208–209, 220, 223–29, 231–37, 240–42, 261–62, 265(n4), 270(n7), 278(nn1, 10), 280(n11); Lintel 6, 22, 107; Lintel 8, 30, 127, 137, 149, 229, 237; Lintel 12, 33, 82; Lintel 14, 52, 97, 232, 279(n8); Lintel 16, 32, 234; Lintel 17, 226, 234, 237; Lintel 24, 226, 230, 231, 234, 235, 280(n10); Lintel 25, 105, 117, 121, 122, 124, 134, 149, 187, 220, 226–33, 235, 280(n11); Lintel 41, 115–16, 127, 137–38, 237; Lintel 43, 16; Lintel 45, 49, 79–80, 175, 229, 230; stela, 23, 59, 90, 105; Stela 1, 23, 90, 97; Stela 7, 23; Stela 10, 33, 90, 236; Stela 18, 12–13; Stela 35, 121–22, 232–34, 242, 262, 277(n7); Structure 12, 223, 224; Structure 21, 121, 155, 225, 232–234, 262; Structure 22, 224–225; Structure 23, 21, 132, 187, 225–31, 232, 235, 240, 242, 261–62, 279(n7); Structure 44, 79, 99. See also Bird Jaguar IV; Knot-eye Jaguar II; Moon Skull; Shield Jaguar III; Shield Jaguar IV; Yopaat Bahlam I
Yellow Rabbit, 238
Yich’aak Bahlam (Seibal ruler), 30, 107, 129, 218, 263, 272(n12)
Yik’in Chan K’awiil (Tikal ruler), 188–89, 191
Yok Ch’ich Tal (Palenque lord), 211, 217
Yopaat Bahlam I (Yaxchilán ruler), 223–25, 270(n7)
Youngest Thunderbolt, 41
Yuknoom Ch’een, (Kaanul ruler) 28, 164, 208, 237, 262
Yuknoom Yich’aak K’ahk’ (Kaanul ruler), 107, 160, 188, 237, 239
Zakitzunun (Kaqchikel lord), 44, 108, 268(n22)
Zinacantán, 55, 140, 144, 198, 272(n16)
Zipacna (god), 245