Index

A

Aberle, David, 48n8, 53, 56–57, 59–60

Acoma pueblo, 47, 77; and Route 66 Casino, 162

Adams, Lucy W., 84–86, 88–89

Adams, William, 33–34

alcohol, and Navajos, 8n20, 90–91, 95–96, 98–99, 126, 152, 158

American Federation of Labor, 119

American Missionary Association, 59–60

Anderson, Jack, 135–37

anthropology, as extraction of knowledge, xixn13

Apache Indians, 48n9

Apaches of Navajo, 3n6, 57

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad (Santa Fe Railroad), xivn3, 7, 23, 33, 38, 67, 94–97, 100, 103, 115, 123–25, 128–29, 131, 140, 160–61, 167

Ayani Trading Company, 94

B

Baptist, churches and activity of, 45, 59, 97, 155

Barboncito, 78

Basso, Keith, xxi

Benally, Julie, 14, 27, 30, 62, 71–73, 75p, 79–81, 103, 146, 151, 153

Benally, Zina, 14, 27, 72, 153

Berman, Marshall, 26

Blair, Elijah, 86, 87

Blanca Peak, 76

Blessingway ceremony, 48, 50–53, 55–56, 74, 76, 103–5, 145, 155, 158–60, 166; singer, 4n11, 22–23

Boiler Inspection Act, 11n26

Bosque Redondo, 27, 32, 72, 78, 93, 110

Bracero program, 109

Brennan, Justice William, 11

Brink, L.P., 60

Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees, 6n17, 109, 119–20

Brugge, David, xviii, 47n5, 49n11, 91, 94–102, 107n7, 119–20, 153, 157

Burciaga, Judge Juan, 55

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), xviii, 18–19, 32n9, 67, 82–85, 88–89, 105, 121, 156

Burlington Northern Railroad (BN), 33n12, 40, 131, 139

Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad (BNSF), 7n18, 33n12, 131n15

C

Calza, P.J., 130

Cañoncito, New Mexico. See Tóhajiilee, New Mexico

Canyon de Chelly, 63

Carson, Kit, 17, 63, 77

Carter, H.L., 115, 116, 126

Catholicism, 24, 45, 56–59, 69, 75n7, 149, 152, 159; Franciscan order, 57, 60; St. Michael’s Mission, 58

Caydaitto, Tom, 103–5

Chaco Canyon, 5n15

Chavez, Lee, 98

checkerboard section of Navajo Nation, 28, 57

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad (Rock Island Railroad, RI), 115n16, 119n19, 123, 130-31

Christianity: in competition with “peyote religion,” 60, 101; missionaries, 4n10, 18, 20m 58–61; Navajos and “evil,” 162n12; practice on Navajo Nation, 23–24, 42, 44–45, 49, 51, 54, 56–62, 68–69, 80, 101, 105, 146–47

Christian Reformed Church, 60; Mission Board School, 59

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 59, 159; Navajos as “Lamanites,” 59, 80

Collyer, J.B., 123, 129n11

Comanche Indians, 48

Comer, L.D., 125

Congress of Industrial Organizations, 119

Crow Indians, and railroad work, 125n3

crystal gazing, ix, 46, 53, 69, 150, 159, 160

D

Deloria, Vine Jr., 3n7, 16, 17n39, 47, 50

Denetdale, Jennifer Nez, xixn13

Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW), 128

Dinébe’iiná Náhii[na be Agha’diit’ahii (DNA), 135–43

Diné College, 5, 17, 63

Dineh Christian Church, 61

Dorgan, Brian, 4

Douglas, Justice William, 13

Ducker, James, 7, 33

E

El Morro National Monument, 94

Enemyway ceremony, 48n9, 61n49, 103–4, 145, 154

Episcopal church, 58

Evangelical Protestant Churches (and revivals), 45, 60–61, 62, 69, 79

F

Faith Mission, 59

Families, of Navajo Railroad Workers, 2n4, 71, 84, 92, 116, 121, 152–55, 158, 167

Farella, John, xixn13, 74, 165

fault, legal apportionment of in railroad injury claim, 9, 11, 12n29

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 134

Federal Employers’ Liability Act (FELA), xiiin2, 9–13, 40, 128, 130n17

Federal Tort Claims Act, 135

First Man, 52, 147, 158

First Woman, 52, 158

Fiorenza, Francis, 2n3

Fort Defiance, Arizona school, 76

Fort Sumner, New Mexico, 27, 77

Frisbie, Charlotte, 22

G

Gaddis, W.D., 95

Gallup, New Mexico: Laguna camp in, 38; USC Indian Community Center in, 94; railroad activities in, 86, 115, 118, 131; Railroad Avenue in, 99; RRB office and activities in, 107n6, 117, 128–29

Gallup Independent, 137–38

Gaskell Jr., Oscar, 131

Gearhart, Bill, 132

Geertz, Clifford, 24–25, 166

Gill, Sam, 47–49, 52, 145, 168–69

Goldwater, Senator Barry, 135–36

Goodway Ceremony, 161

Gospel Missionary Union, 59

Grant, Justice Louise, 170

Grant, President Ulysses S., 58

Greasewood Boarding School, 159

H

Haber, William, 6, 36

Haile, Father Berard, 51, 57–58

Hall, Freddy, 61

hand trembling, ix, 53, 69, 73–74, 150, 160, 173

Harvard Divinity School, viii, xiii, xviii, xxin14, 2n3, 93–94, 163

Hensley, Albert, 54

hermeneutics, 2n3

Hesperus Mountain, 76

Hilgendorf, Robert, 141

Hill, W.W., 13

Hillerman, Tony, 25, 46

Hinman, George Warren, 21, 59

Hofmann, Clifford, J., 142

hogan, ix, 51–52, 63, 77, 102, 116, 136, 147, 155, 161

Holland Christian Reformed Church of America, 59

Holy People, 20, 23, 69, 144–45, 169, 172

Hopi Indians, 77, 102

House, Deborah, 64, 169, 172

House Made of Dawn. See Momaday, N. Scott

hózhǫ́, 53, 65–66, 76, 104, 145–46, 151, 165, 167, 169, 171–72

humor, Navajo sense of, ix, 72, 123

I

Indian Health Service, 116

individualism, xiv

J

Jack, Sylvan, 134, 142

Jackson, Michael, xiv, xv, xx, 1, 25–26, 144

James, William, 70

Jefferson, President Thomas, 83

Jemez Springs, New Mexico, xxii

Jim, Dan, 98

Jim, Tom, 101

Johnson, Paul, 98, 118–19, 126–27, 130, 131, 137–38, 142

K

Kanega, George, 118–19, 121, 131–32, 137–38

Kelly, Raymond J., 122

King, Martin Luther, xiin1

Kluckhohn, Clyde, xviin11, 6, 8, 29, 46, 52, 64, 78, 151, 154, 162

Knack Martha, 30–31

Kristofferson, Kris, 42

Kurtz, Ronald, 28

L

LaFarge, Oliver, 61, 75n7

Laguna Pueblo, and railroad work, 38

language issues, 65n58, 107n7; and American civil law system, 14–16; and “rationality,” 18; and RRB claims, 117

Laughing Boy. See LaFarge, Oliver

Leighton, Dorothea, xvii n11, 6, 8, 29, 46, 52, 64, 78, 151, 154, 162

Lewis, Ben, 86

Littlefield, Alice and Knack, Martha, 30–31

Long Walk, 17, 19, 32, 69, 76–78

Lujan, Mabel Dodge, 31n7

M

Mace, Joe, 156–59

MacIntyre, Alasdair, 18.

maintenance of way work, 6, 23, 33–36, 40, 88–89, 153, 157; dangerousness of, 7, 10, 35–37; performed by slaves in south, 37–38

Malinowski, Bronislaw, xx

Martinez, Clarence, 167

Martinez, Tom, 44–45, 144-46

McAllester, David, 22

McCarty, E.E., 124–25

medicine men, 22, 47, 54, 74, 76–77, 105, 146, 151, 159; diviners, 53, 72, 150, 154–55

Mennonites, 59, 60

Mescalero Apache Indians, 27n1

Methodist church, 58

Middle Passage, 76, 78

Missouri-Pacific Railroad, 30, 33n12

Mitchell, Frank, 4n11, 22–24

Mitchell, Ted, 136

Momaday, N. Scott, 15n37, 18, 65

Moore, L.B., 94, 99–101

Mormons. See Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Mount Taylor, 75–76

Murray, Ike, 141

N

Native American Church (NAC), x, 24, 42–45, 53–56, 68, 105, 146, 150, 152, 155, 159–60

Navajo Community College. See Diné College

Navajo Creation Story, 48–50, 51n19, 52, 73, 145, 147, 168

Navajo Nation Historic Preservation (Cultural Resources Compliance Section), xix–xxn14

Navajo Nation Supreme Court, 169

Navajo religion, traditional, 22–24, 44–53, 69, 72, 80, 105, 155, 158–61, 168; ceremonial sweat lodge, 102 ceremonies, 37–38, 41, 46, 52–53, 57, 61, 64, 71–79, 80, 85, 104, 123, 145–47, 151, 157, 161, 166; genesis of, 47, 48n8

Navajo Tribal Council, 25n60, 58, 84, 120n19, 122n23, 134, 138, 151, 171n18

Navajo Tribal Court, 121

Nazarene Holiness church, 155

Neosho Construction, 40–41

“New Dealers,” and Navajos, 20, 21n48

O

Ogden, Utah, recreation and, 91, 99

Oklahoma-Texas football game, 99

O’Neill, Colleen, 31–32, 85, 119n20

P

Parker, L. Hubbell, 103, 129

Patin, Thomas, xviin11

Pavlik, Steve, 59

Peabody Coal, xixn13

“Peace Policy,” 58

Pentecostalism, 42, 44–45

peyote, ix, 24, 43, 53–56, 60, 68, 124, 146, 152, 160; Sioux peyote songs, 101

Pinto, Hoskie and Bessie, 146–52, 161

pollen, corn, ix, 42, 52, 74, 151, 158

Presbyterian Church, 58, 60, 68

Pueblo Indians, 47–48, 92, 162, 166; Jemez, 157; Laguna 77, 98; Zuni, 38, 77, 149

Pyle, Jeffrey J., 107n5

R

Raton, New Mexico, recreation and, 98–99, 101–2

reconquista, 47

Reichbart, Richard, 140–41

religion, absence of word in Navajo language, viii, 64

Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, 107n5

Robertson, Pat, 164

Robson, M.A., 116

Roessel, Ruth, 17, 20

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 109

Roosevelt, President Theodore, 10

Rose, Dudley, xiv

Ruffing, Lorraine Turner, 8, 34

Rumsfeld, Donald, 135

S

Sa’ah Naaghaii Bik’eh Hozhoon, 66, 172

Safety Appliance Act, 11n26

Sainte-Marie, Buffy, ix

Sandoval, Dickie and Marilyn, 92, 153–55

Sandoval, Jerry, 27–30, 39–43, 146

Sandoval, John, 70–76, 79–81, 151, 161, 173

Sandoval, Kee, 153

San Francisco Mountain, 76

Sangster, David, 67–69

Schwarz, Maureen Trudelle, 45, 77, 167–68

Sheep Reduction Program, 8, 19–20, 110, 132

Sherman, General W.T., 78

Shiprock, New Mexico, 44–45

Shirley, Justice Eleanor, 170

Shonto, Arizona, 8, 33–34, 96

Sioux Indians, and railroad work, 125n3

Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, xixn13

solidarity, xiii, xvn4

Southern Pacific Railroad, 33n12

space, attitude toward concept of, 13–18

Spencer, Ann and Kee, 14, 159–62

Squaw Dance, 61, 99

Stapleton, F.H., 36, 110, 113, 115–16, 122, 124–25

St. Michaels’s Mission, 58

Stoddard, D.W., 134

Supreme Court (US), 10, 11n26

T

Tallahassee, Pensacola and Georgia Railroad, 38–39

Tanner, Maurice, 79, 136–37

time, attitude toward concept of, 13, 16–18

Time magazine, 58

tobacco (mountain), 79–80

Tóhajiilee, New Mexico, 27–30, 70–71, 98, 157

Tolth, Sam, 107n6

Torreon Chapter House, 137–40

trading posts, xviii, 59; recruiting for Hollywood, 79; recruiting railroad workers, 44, 86–87, 104–5 107–8, 110–22, 123–43; Star Lake, 86; Two Story, 134

Travelers Insurance Company, 118–19

U

Union Pacific Railroad (UP), 30, 33n12, 37, 44, 86, 88, 91–92, 104–5, 117, 119n19, 126–28, 131, 145, 149, 153, 157

unions, 41, 109; relation to Navajo workers, xivn4, 89n8, 119–21

Unitarian Service Committee, 91, 93–102

Unitarian Universalist Association, xviii, 93

United Indian Traders Association, xviii, 86, 141

uranium mining, and Navajos, 40

US Army, xi, 17, 77, 155–56

US Employment Service, 110–11

US House Appropriations Committee, 121–22

US Office of Defense Transportation, 109

US Office of Economic Opportunity, 135

US Office of the Solicitor, Department of Interior, 134

US Railroad Retirement Board (RRB), xvi, xviii, 33, 36–37, 41, 82, 86, 106–43; Special Unemployment Claims Agents (SCAs), 114, 117, 126, 129, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140–41; unemployment insurance and claims, 33, 36, 41, 97, 106, 112–14, 116, 121–22, 126–27, 129–30, 133–34, 141

US Supreme Court, 10, 11, 13

Ute Indians, 48, 77

W

wage labor, and Navajos, 7, 30–34, 41, 83, 106

Wallace, John D., 88–90

Walters, Harry, 5, 62–65, 162n12, 168

Ward, L.R., 127

War Manpower Commission, 110–11

Wayne, John, 79, 173

Weisiger, Martha, 20

Western Maryland Railroad, 112

Wichita Eagle, 166–67

Winnebago Indians, 54

Witherspoon, Gary, xvii n11, 24–25, 66, 166

women: in railroad families, 2, 38, 153–55; in railroad work, 1; and sheep reduction program, 20

Workers’ Compensation Laws, 11–13

Wyman, Leland, 51n18, 52, 104

Y

Yazzie, Judge, 121

Yazzie, Justice Herb, 170

Yazzie, Leroy, 123–24, 143

Yeibichai, 98, 149

Young, Robert W., xviii, 18, 83, 89–93, 153, 157

Z

Zah, Peterson, 138

Zolbrod, Paul G., 49–50, 64n54