Index
Abulkhair (Kazakh khan), 72, 81–83, 86, 89, 105, 112–13, 128–29; Abulkhair’s oath (1732), 72, 82–83, 86, 89, 112, 128–29
Abylkhozhin, Zhulduzbek, 47
Acton (Minnesota), 123
Adams, Gordon, 21
Adams, Henry, 108
Adams, John Quincy (President), 152–53
Adas, Michael, 17
Adat, 181. See also Kazakh, customary law
Africa, 4, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 37–38, 70, 126, 146, 148–49, 154, 171–72, 174, 177, 210, 236, 238, 241
Aktau, 119
Alash Orda (“The Horde of Alash”), 219, 222–23, 226
alcohol, 103
Alexander I (Russian Tsar, 1801–1825), 109
Alexander II (Russian Tsar, 1855–1881), 120
allotment, 6, 172, 176–78, 182–83, 185–86, 189–92, 195–96, 208, 215–16, 218–25, 236, 238
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 209
American Geographical Society, 174
Americanization, 140, 218, 226
American Revolution, 86
American Social Science Association, 143
American Society for Promoting the Civilization and General Improvement of the Indian Tribes, 211
Amu Darya, 40
Anderson, Gary Clayton, 46–47, 121
Andrews, Thomas G., 218
Apache (tribe), 6
Arabian Desert, 145
Arabic (script), 215
Archambault, JoAllyn, 55
Arikara (tribe), 78, 113–15, 122
Asfendiarov, Sandzhar, 40
Asia, 4, 7, 12, 17, 22, 38, 70, 81, 142–44, 146, 148–49, 154, 162, 171–72, 174, 177, 206, 210–11, 238, 241
Asiatic, 53, 75, 84–85, 120, 145, 152, 156
assimilation, 7, 9, 12, 23–24, 111, 129, 146, 156, 187–88, 196, 209–11, 215–16, 218–19, 221, 224, 226
Atkins, John D. C. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 185, 189–90, 217
Atkinson, Thomas, 53
Atlantis, 37
Austria-Hungary, 182
Baian-Aul, 114
Bailey, Thomas A., 20
Baltics, 4
Barbarian, 36, 85, 142–46, 159, 186, 236
Barymta, 160–61
Bashkirs, 4, 70, 75, 80–81, 85, 145
Bassin, Mark, 17
Battle of Geok-Tepe, 105
Battle of the Little Bighorn, 99, 104–5, 126
Bell, Captain James, 185
Berbers, 36
Berkhofer, Robert F., Jr., 107, 144, 147, 211
Black Hills, 112, 114, 121, 125–26, 155, 186
“Black Hills’ War” (1875–1877), 105, 120
Black Sea, 221
Board of Indian Commissioners (BIC), 187–88
Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 130
Bohannan, Paul, 37
Boilvin, Nicholas (Indian Agent), 111
Bokeikhanov, Alikhan, 44, 192, 221–22
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 108–9
Bonin, Gertrude (Zitkala-Sa), 156
Bookwalter, John W., 151–52
Bozeman Trail, 124–25, 128, 184, 191
Brazil, 206
Britain. See Great Britain
British. See Great Britain
Brocherel, Jules, 53
Brodhead, Jane Millikin Napier, 144
Brown, Dee, 46
Brown, Kate, 17
Buddhism, 210
buffalo, 37, 51–54, 71m, 78, 80, 111–12, 127–28, 151, 187
“Buffalo Nation,” 39
Bukei Horde, 88, 110, 116. See also Inner Horde
Bukei Khan, 110
Bukhara, 43, 70, 73, 81, 102–3, 109, 118–20, 182
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 173, 178, 181, 185, 187–88, 214, 216–17
Burke, Edmund, 85
Burke Act (1906), 222
Burnaby, Fred, 150
Calhoun, John (US Secretary of War), 113, 115
California, 4, 103, 121–22, 149
Calvert, Peter, 22
Cameron, Sarah Isabel, 47
Canada, 15, 84, 88, 102–3, 206
Canadian Pacific Railway, 206
Cannonball River, 42
Caroe, (Sir) Olaf, 226
Carr, Helen, 7
Carrington, Colonel Henry, 124
Caspian Sea, 43
Cass, Lewis, 115
Catherine II (Tsarina, 1763–1796, “Catherine the Great”), 85, 88, 109, 159, 209–11, 214
Catholics, 188
Catlin, George, 55
Caucasus, vii, 4, 11, 13–15, 105, 174, 240
Celts, 236
Central Asia, vii–viii, 4, 11, 16, 37, 40, 46–47, 56, 72–73, 76, 102–3, 105, 109, 118, 120, 142–43, 145, 148, 155–56, 174, 206, 209, 212, 214, 222, 237, 240
Central Asian Revolt (1916), 47
Chaadaev, Peter, 141
Chandler, Zachariah (Secretary of the Interior), 126
Chatterjee, Partha, 23
Chechens, 6
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), 177
Cheyenne (tribe), 6, 37, 45, 101, 114, 121–22, 126
China, viii, x, 4, 43, 72–73, 76, 80, 83, 103; Chinese x, 3–5, 33, 36, 194
Chittenden, Hiram, 111
Christian, 22–23, 148–49, 156, 175, 184, 187–89, 196, 206, 209–13, 215, 218, 236, 239, 240. See also missionaries
Christianity. See Christian
Civil War: American, 20, 102, 123, 128, 162, 214; Russian, 12, 222, 226
Collier, John (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 224–26
colonialism, 3, 5, 7–8, 12, 18–24, 71, 127, 141, 173–74, 235, 237, 241
colonization, vii–ix, 3–24, 33, 42–43, 45–48, 59, 69, 74, 76, 82, 88, 90, 99–102, 104–5, 109, 114, 116, 119–20, 123, 127–29, 139–40, 146–48, 161–63, 171–75, 177–79, 181–83, 185–86, 189, 195, 205, 207–9, 212, 216–17, 219–21, 224, 235–39, 241–42
Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 45, 172, 178, 189–90, 215–17, 224
Communist Party Congress (1927), 224
Confederate States of America, 220
Congress (US), 87, 105–7, 113, 130, 176, 178, 183, 183, 187, 209, 213, 224–25
Conn, Steven, 210
Constitution: American, 105, 141, 241; Russian, 106; Tribal, 225
Continental Congress (US), 213
Cooper, Frederick, 239
Cooper, James Fenimore, 14
Crazy Horse, 102, 104–5, 112, 126
Crimean War (1853–1856), 120
Crow (tribe), 37, 70, 84, 101, 113, 122
Curzon, George, 142
Custer, Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong, 39, 126, 155; Custer Expedition (1874), 126, 186
Cyrillic (script), 215
Dakota Superintendency, 45
Dartmouth College, 213
Dawes, Charles (Senator), 195
Dawes Act (1887), 45, 189–90, 196, 216, 219, 222–24
De Koninck, Rodolphe, 179
Deloria, Ella, 48
Denig, Edwin, 54
Department of Justice (US), 124
Department of State (US), 107
Department of the Interior (US), 107, 173, 178, 188
Department of the Treasury (US), 107
Department of War (US), 107, 111, 173, 178, 188, 223
de Tocqueville, Alexis, 5, 141–42
DeWeese, Devin, 37
Divan (Judicial Tribunal), 119
“Divide and Conquer,” 100–101, 109–11, 113, 117, 242
Dobb, Maurice, 182
Doolittle, James R. (Senator), 183; Doolittle Commission, 183–84
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 149
Dulhut, Daniel Greysolon, 77
Duma (Russian parliament), 221–22
Dunch, Ryan, 211
Dutch. See Holland
Eastman, Charles (Uhiye Sa), 156–57, 219, 223
Emancipation Proclamation, Russian, 24, 120, 162, 182, 208
Emerson, Rupert, 224
exceptionalism, 15, 139, 141–43, 239
extinction, 10, 45–46, 139, 146–47, 153–54, 179, 209, 239
Falls of St. Anthony, 109
Father Venegas (Spanish Jesuit), 37
Fetterman, Lieutenant William, 124–25
Fetterman Massacre, 104, 125, 184
First Russian All-Empire Census (1897), 45–46, 182
Fisk, Captain James L., 172
Fort Atkinson, 114
Fort Jesup, 114
Fort Laramie Treaty (1851), 46, 122, 124, 180–81, 186
Fort Laramie Treaty (1868), 125–26, 187
Fort Peck Indian Reservation, 160
Fort Phil Kearny, 125
Fort St. Anthony, 113
Fort St. Antoine, 74
Fort St. Philip, 114
Fort Snelling, 113–15
Fox (tribe), 121
Francaviglia, Richard, 144
France, 4, 10, 74, 77–78, 83, 108–9, 155, 173, 220, 237; French 14, 19, 39–40, 69–75, 77–80, 82–86, 89–90, 103, 108–9, 126, 148, 154, 172–73, 194, 236–37, 241
Fredrickson, George M., 239
French Revolution (1789), 108–9
Friend (Quaker publication), 171
frontier, 4, 8, 15–17, 21, 46, 76, 82, 85, 89, 102–3, 114–15, 117, 119–20, 122–23, 130, 139, 144, 149, 161, 172, 174–75, 180–81, 186, 188, 211, 213, 220, 225, 236, 239
frontier thesis, viii, 16, 239
fur trade, 48, 71–72, 74, 77–78, 82, 87, 89, 103, 108, 111, 113–14, 121, 176
Gallagher, Hugh D. (reservation agent), 217
Gardner, Lloyd C., 5
Georgia (American state), 177
Georgia (Russian province), 106, 239
General Allotment Act (1887). See Dawes Act
genocide, 46–47
Germany, 4, 15; Germans, 154, 172
Gibbon, Guy, 40
Gleason, Abbott, 142
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 46
Gorchakov, Prince Alexander (Russian Foreign Minister), 120
Governor-Generals (Russian), 107, 113, 115, 118, 173, 175, 184, 192, 241
Gradovskii, Aleksander, 211
Grand River, 42
Grant, Ulysses S. (President and General), 126, 187–88
Grattan Massacre, 104
Grazhdanstvennost’ (Russian, “citizenship”), 210
“Great American Desert,” 149
Great Britain (England/Britain), 4, 10, 21, 72, 78, 83, 86, 102, 108, 156, 206, 212, 220, 235, 237; British/English, 8, 15, 19–20, 23, 69, 72, 75–80, 82–90, 102–3, 105–6, 108–9, 111, 113, 126, 148, 150, 154, 156, 172–73, 209, 236–37, 240–41
Great Depression, 12
Great Plains, 13, 52, 70, 149–50, 241
Great Sioux Reservation, 125, 186, 190
Green, Elizabeth, 225
Greene, Jerome A., 126
Greenwald, Emily, 196
Grigoriev, Vasilii, 81, 112, 195
Gros Ventres (tribe), 122
Grousset, René, 40
Grudzinska-Gross, Irena, 17
Guettel, Jens-Uwe, 172
Guide to the Great Siberian Railway (1900), 207
Guins, George C., 21
Gustafson, Sandra M., 5
Halecki, Oskar, 225
Hämäläinen, Pekka, 53
Hampton Institute, 216
Hannah, Matthew G., 185
Hapsburg Empire, 21
Harrison, Benjamin (US President), 190
Harrison, Brady, 20
Harun Ghazl (Kazakh sultan), 158
Haskell Institute, 216
Hassrick, Royal B., 49
Hayden, Ferdinand, 155
Heart River, 42
Hellwald. See von Hellwald
Hennepin, Father Louis, 48
Herndon, Sarah Raymond, 146–47
Herztberg, Hazel W., 226
Hind, Robert J., 22
Hindoos, 213
Hobsbawm, Eric, 206
Hobson, John A., 19
Hokanson, Katya, 151
Holland (Netherlands), 4, 119, 150, 173
Holquist, Peter, 185
Home, Henry (Lord Kames), 154
Homestead Act (1862), 125, 172, 182–83, 186, 190, 194
horses, 35–36, 49–54, 71, 78–79, 84, 88, 102, 114–15, 151, 158, 160, 195
Hottentots, 213
Hudson, Alfred E., 40
Humboldt. See von Humboldt
Hunczak, Taras, 3
Huns, 36
Huntington, Ellsworth, 51, 147
Ilek, 79
Ilek River, 117
Illinois, 151
Il’minskii, Nikolai, 214–15; Il’minskii system, 214, 218
Imperial Geographic Society (Russian), 154, 174, 206
imperialism, ix, 3, 5, 10, 12, 16, 18–21, 23, 59, 70–71, 83, 90, 141–42, 148, 171, 209, 221, 235, 237–38, 240–41
Independence (Missouri), 150
Indian Peace Commission, 125
Indian Removal, 177
Indian Reorganization Act (also Wheeler-Howard Act, 1934), 12, 224
Indian Rights Association, 188
Indian Territory, 17, 177, 193, 207
Indian Wars. See specific conflicts
Inkpaduta, 123
Inkpaduta’s War. See Spirit Lake Massacre
Inner Horde, 88, 110. See also Bukei Horde
Inoverets, 211
Inozemtsy, 211
integration, 22, 24, 172, 206, 210, 226
internal colonization. See colonization
Iowa (state), 42, 72, 123, 151, 172
Ireland, 21
Iroquois, 4, 69, 73, 75; Iroquois Wars, 72
Islam, 51, 56–57, 156, 210, 214, 236, 240
Italy, 182
Jadid, 218
Jamestown, 8
Jaxartes. See Amu Darya
“Jay Cooke’s gamble,” 126
Jefferson, Thomas, 8, 108, 141, 154, 183
Johnson, Douglas L., 37
Joselyn, John, 37
Judaism, 210
Kames, Lord. See Henry Home
Kaplan, Amy, 3
Karamzin, Nikolai, 210
Karnachev, Ivan, 119
Kashgar, 155
Kazak (newspaper), 222
Kazakh (Kirghis) Steppe, vii, 6–7, 12–17, 24, 43, 46, 53, 59, 69–70, 73–76, 79–83, 87–89, 100–105, 109–10, 112–14, 116, 119–20, 125–28, 130, 139, 143, 145–47, 149, 151, 155–56, 162, 172, 176–78, 181–85, 187, 191–92, 196, 207–9, 211–12, 221, 236, 239–41
Kazakhs: Aksakal, 58–59, 82, 84, 88; Alash (Kazakh Khan), 43–44; Aul, 48–50, 53, 57–59, 88, 116–19, 153, 185; Clan (ru and taipa), 43–44, 48–49, 57–59, 73, 83, 86, 101, 109–10, 113, 116–19, 130, 161, 194, 242; Customary Law (adat), 181; exogamy, 49; Kalym (“bride price”), 49; Khans, 40, 46, 58, 82–83, 105, 113, 116, 128–30, 242; Kirghiz, 43, 70, 81, 119, 147, 152, 156, 158; levirate, 49–50; polygamy (see polygamy, of Kazakhs); Ush Zhuz (“three hordes”) (see Ush Zhuz, of Kasakhs); white bone 59
Kazakhstan, vii, ix, 46–47, 81, 156, 226, 239
Kazan Theological Academy, 214
Kazan University, 214
Keating, William, 41
Kenesary Kasymov, 101, 104–5, 118–19, 125, 127, 155, 178, 181
Khalid, Adeeb, 240
Khiva, 70, 73, 81, 102, 109, 113, 117, 119–20, 182
Kibitka, 176. See also yurt
Kievan Rus’, 21
Kiowa (tribe), 4, 112, 114, 121
Kirei, 40
Kivelson, Valerie, 106
Kochevnik, 145. See nomadism
Kohn, Hans, 143
Kokand, 43, 73, 102, 109, 118–20, 182
Kokchetav, 114
Kolchin, Peter, 17
Kostenko, Lev F., 56
Kozybaev, Manash, 47
Krader, Lawrence, 41, 43–44, 50
“kulaks,” 224
Kumis, 53
Kurt, 53
Kuropatkin, General Aleksei, 192
LaDow, Beth, 220
Lake Mohonk Conference of the Friends of the Indian (1883), 188
“land section” (Zemskii otdel), 194
Lattimore, Owen, 38
Lazzerini, Edward J., 218
Lea, Luke (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 178
Leavenworth, Henry (Colonel), 114–15
Lemkin, Raphael, 46
Leupp, Francis (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 189
Levshin, Aleksei I., 15, 44, 46, 56, 129–30, 161
Lewis and Clark Expedition, 108–9, 154–55
Lewis, Meriwether, 109, 154–55
Liberty Loans, 223
Limerick, Patricia Nelson, 193
Lincoln, Abraham, 124
Little Crow (Sioux Chief), 109, 112, 124, 129
Livingston, David, 23
Long, Stephen, 155
Louisiana: Louisiana Purchase (1803), 108, 155; Louisiana Territory, 4, 84, 108, 114, 154
Lounsbery, Anne, 17
Lowie, Robert H., 52–53
Luehrmann, Sonja, 17
Lujan, Carol Chiao, 21
Madison, James, 141
Maier, Bernhard, 236
Mandan (tribe), 70, 78, 84, 113, 122
Manifest Destiny, 15, 20, 121, 161, 172, 206, 239
Mannheim, Karl, 218
Martin, Terry, 224
Martin, Virginia, 161
Marx, Karl, 20
Mason, Robert L., 8
Mektep (“native school”), 214
“Meriam Report” (1928), 223–24
Meyendorf. See von Meyendorf
Meyer, Roy W., 123
Mexican-American War, 220
Miliukov, Paul N., 16
Ministry of Agriculture and State Property (Russia), 194
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia) ,156
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), 107
Ministry of Overseas France (France), 173
Ministry of State Domains (Russia), 173, 194
Ministry of the Interior (France), 173
Ministry of the Interior (Russia), 194
Ministry of War (Russia), 156
Ministry of Ways of Communication (Russia), 207
Minnesota, 39–42, 71–72, 76, 78, 82–83, 107, 113, 121–24, 126, 151, 172, 208
Minnesota River, 109, 113, 180
Minnesota-Sioux War (1862), 128, 183, 208
missionaries, 24, 45, 50 71, 73, 75, 108–9, 111–13, 121, 175, 177
Mississippi River, 6, 77–78, 84, 87, 108–9, 111–13, 121, 175, 177
Mississippi Valley, 209
Missouri River, 78, 87, 112–14
Mitchell, David (Superintendent of Indian Affairs), 122
Moghul, 37
Mohammedans, 56. See also Islam
Mohawks, 37
Mongol, 19, 36–37, 39, 53, 70, 158; Mongolia, 76
Monroe Doctrine, 20
Montana, 42, 72, 102, 124–25, 149, 181, 183, 18, 208, 224
Moon, David, 196
Moreau River, 42
Morgan, Thomas Jefferson (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 190
Morse, Jedidiah, 5
Moses, A. Dirk, 18
Moslem, 144. See also Islam
Muhammed, 56. See also Islam
Mussulman, 56. See also Islam
Napoleonic Wars, 107–8, 110, 114
Native American Tribes. See tribal names
Navajo, 46
Nearing, Scott, 19
“New Deal,” 226
New France, 82
New York Times, 206
New Zealand, 206
Nicaragua, 20
Nicholas I (Russian Tsar, 1825–1855), 119
Nicholas II (Russian Tsar, 1894–1917), 221
Nichols, Roger L., 209
Nicollet, Joseph N., 42
Nisbet, Robert A., 153
No Flesh (Sioux chief), 185
“noble savage,” 146–47
Nogai-Uzbek-Kazak Confederation, 40
Nolan, Mary, 239
nomadism, 10, 14, 17, 33, 36–39, 52, 176, 178, 192, 195, 224
Northern Pacific Railroad, 126
Northwest Ordinance (1787), 87, 107
Nugent, Walter, 141
Oberly, John H. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 217
Office of Indian Affairs (OIA), 225
Oklahoma, 177
Omsk, 79
Omsk Corps of Cadets, 155, 214
Ordinance of 1785, 107
Oregon Trail, 150
Orenburg Frontier Commission, 117, 119
“Orenburg Kirgiz,” 116
Orthodox (church), 57, 187, 189, 207, 209–11, 214
Ossetians, 4
Ostler, Jeffrey, 9, 107, 126, 129, 178
Ottoman Empire. 4, 19, 86, 103
Oxus. See Syr Darya
Oytate, of Sioux, 41; Blackfeet, 124; Brulé, 42, 57, 124; Hunkpapa, 42, 57, 124; Mdewakantonwan, 42, 109, 121; Miniconjou, 42, 57, 124; Oglala, 42, 57, 124, 191, 218; Sans Arc, 42, 57, 124; Sisitonwan/Sisseton, 42; Titonwan, 42; Two Kettle, 42, 57, 124; Wahpekute, 42; Wahpetonwan/Wahpeton, 42; Wiciyela, 42
Padgen, Anthony, 23
Palat, Madhavan, 114
Palestine, 21
Parker, Ely, 156
Patai, Raphael, 37
Paul I (Russian Tsar, 1796–1801), 109
Pawnee, 113
“Peace Policy,” 187–88
Peffer, William A., 220
Pettigrew, Richard F. (Senator), 191
Pidgeon, William 144
Pike, Zebulon, 109, 113, 149, 155, 191
Pilcher, Joshua, 111
Pine Ridge Reservation, 185, 191–92, 196, 217–18
Pogodin, Mikhail, 142
Poland (Poles), 4, 182, 240; Poles, 4, 106
polygamy, of Kazakhs, 49; Alimuly 43; Baiuly 43; Chaichkly 44; Kangly 44; Kereit 44; Kongrad 44; shezhere (“genealogy”) 43; Tabyn 117; Zhetyru 43
Pond, Gideon, 215
Pond, Peter, 78
Porter, N. S. (Indian Agent), 160
Powder River, 124
Powder River War (1866–1868), 105, 120, 127, 187
Prairie du Chien, 111, 115; Prairie du Chien Treaty (1825), 121; Prairie du Chien Treaty (1830), 121
Pratt, Mary Louise, 15
Pratt, Richard Henry, 189, 216
Price, Catherine, 58
Prince, Joseph M., 54
Prisoedinenie (“unification”), 16, 81
Protestants, 188
“Provisional Statute on the Administration of turgai, Akmolinsk, Uralsk, and Semipalatinsk Oblasts,” 184, 186. See Steppe Commission
Prucha, Francis Paul, 177, 184
Pushkin, Alexander, 146
Qing Dynasty (China), 4
Quakers, 188
Quarterly Journal of the Society of American Indians, 223
Radlov, Vasili, 154
railroads. See specific railroad
Red Cloud, 105, 125, 127–28, 191, 196
Red Cloud Agency, 126
“Red Cloud’s War.” See Powder River War
Red Cross, 223
“Regulations on the Siberian Kirgiz,” 116
Reid, Mayne, 14
reservations, x, 9, 17, 45, 50, 101, 105, 120, 122–23, 126, 128, 156, 161, 171, 177–80, 182, 184–85, 187–90, 192–93, 196, 214–15, 220, 222, 236, 241
resettlement, viii, 11, 21, 101, 107, 116, 161–62, 172, 176, 178, 181–84, 186–87, 193–95, 207–8, 219, 221
“Resettlement Act” (1889), 194
Resettlement Administration (Pereselencheskoe upravlenie), 194–95, 207
resistance, 6, 9, 11, 42, 46, 88, 99–102, 104–5, 112, 115, 119–20, 122, 127–28, 177, 224, 242
Riggs, Stephen R., 40, 44, 44, 212, 215
rivers. See individual river names
Robinson, Doane, 112
Robinson, Geroid T., 193
Rocky Mountains, 108, 151, 172
romanticism, 142, 144, 151, 154
Roosevelt, Franklin, 224–25
Rose, Deborah Bird, 175
Rosebud Agency, 185
rule: direct, 21, 24, 90, 225; indirect, 21, 90
Russian Revolutions: 1905, 221, 238; 1917, 12, 222
Russification, 24, 140, 215, 218, 224, 226
Said, Edward W., 143
St. Croix River, 109
St. Germain, Jill, 122
St. Peter’s Agency, 115
Saint Petersburg, 81, 85, 156, 186, 241
Samarkand, 103
Sarzhan Kasymov, 117–19
Sblizhenie (“coming together”) 16, 24
“Scouting” (khodachestvo), 194
Seattle (Washington), 126
sedentary, 35–36, 38–39, 54, 71, 85, 114, 130, 156, 185, 187, 192, 195, 205, 220, 240; sedentarization 12, 17, 191, 196, 215
Select Committee on Aborigines (1837, House of Commons, Great Britain), 212
Semenov, Peter, 154
Semirechie, 43, 119, 181–82, 184, 192
“Semirechie Kirgiz,” 116
Senate Committee of Indian Affairs, 191
Seneca (tribe), 156
Serbia, 182
Serfdom (Russian), 24, 85, 120, 142, 162, 182, 208
Sergiopol, 114
Shamil (Imam), 105
Shcherbina Expedition, 192
Sherman, General William Tecumseh, 125, 188
Siberia, 3–4, 11, 13–14, 16, 37, 45, 69–70, 74–76, 79–80, 85–86, 89, 115, 120, 139, 145, 149–51, 153, 172, 174–75, 178, 182–83, 206–7, 210, 221, 241
“Siberian Kirgiz,” 116
Siberian Railway Committee, 207
“Sitting Bull’s War,” 120
Skinner, Alanson, 58
Slavophile, 142–43
Slocum, John W., 211
Slotkin, Richard, 183
Smith, Henry Nash, 144
Smith, J. Russell, 205
Smith, John Q. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 215
Smith, Sherry L., 50, 147, 158
Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, 5
Society of American Indians, 219, 223
Sioux: Akicita, 58; blotahunka, 58; Dakota, 39–40, 42, 44–45, 48, 57, 71–73, 86, 109, 111, 121, 124, 187, 215; exogamy, 49; hakatakus (“bride price”), 49; itancan, 58; Lakota, 39–40, 42, 44, 53, 55, 57, 72; levirate, 49–50; natowessiwak (also “Nadoueceronon”), 40; Oceti Sakowin (“Seven Council Fires”), 41; Oyate (subdivisions) (see Oyate, of Sioux); polygamy, 49; Santee, 39, 42, 57, 76, 101, 109, 115, 121, 123; “Sun Dance,” 48, 55–56, 217; “sweat lodge,” 55; “War Dance” 56; Tiyospaye (nomadic community) (see Tiyospaye, of Sioux); Teton, 39, 42, 57, 76, 78, 88, 101, 109, 111, 113–15, 121; Wakiconza, 58; Wakicun, 58; Yankton/Yanktonai, 39, 42, 57, 88, 111, 113–14, 121, 124
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Spain, 4, 84, 102, 220; Spanish 19, 82, 84, 86–87, 102, 108, 220
Spanish-American War, 19, 173, 238
Speransky, Mikhail (Governor-General of Siberia), 115, 122, 175–76, 181; Speransky Reforms (see also “Regulations on the Siberian Kirgiz”) 122, 175–76, 181
Spirit Lake Massacre (1857), 122
Spooner, Brian, 39
Srym Batyr, 88, 105; Srym Batyr’s Rebellion, 99, 105
Stalin, Joseph, 46–47, 224, 226, 240
Stanitsy (Cossack settlements), 114
“Statute on Primary Schools” (Russia, 1864), 215
Steckel, Richard H., 54
Steppe Commission (Russia, 1865), 184
Stumm, Hugo, 152
Sultan Kaip-Galii Ishimov, 81, 117
Sunni Muslims. See Islam
Superintendent of Indian Trade (US), 176
Swift, Jonathan (Gulliver’s Travels), 18–19
Szasz, Margaret, 223
Taliaferro, Lawrence, 115
Tashkent, 71,118, 182; Tashkent Kushbegi, 118
Tashkent-Orenburg Railway, 207
Tatar (Tartars), 4, 36–37, 56, 75–76, 80, 85, 143–45, 155, 214
Tatarization, 57
Tatimov, Makash, 47
Thomas, Robert, 129
Thornton, A. P., 237–38
Three Stars, Clarence, 218
Tien Shan Mountains, 43
Tiyospaye, of Sioux, 48, 50, 57–58; Wicotipi (camp unit), 48
“Toleration of All Faiths” (Russian edict, 1773), 209
Tolstoi, D. A. (Russia, Minister of Education), 214–15
Trans-Alleghany, 84–85
Trans-Continental Railway, 125, 172, 206
Trans-Kama Line, 74
Trans-Siberian Railway, 172, 206–8
Traverse des Sioux (Treaty, 1851), 122
Treadgold, Donald W., vii–viii, 16
treaties. See specific treaties
Treaty of Portage des Sioux (1815), 112
Tsar. See individual Tsars
Turkestan (Turkistan), 14, 17, 41, 43, 45, 76, 80, 83, 102–3, 172, 175, 182, 184, 192, 207, 240–41
Turkmen, 4, 6, 80, 105; Turkoman, 237
Turks (Ottoman), 33
Turner, Frederick Jackson, viii, 10, 15–16, 239
Uezd (Russian districts), 9, 185
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 12, 15–17, 46–47, 105, 182, 222–26, 239–40
Union Pacific Railroad, 206
Ural River, 86, 88, 110, 117, 175
Ush Zhuz (“Three Hordes”), of Kazakhs, 42–44, 49; Kishi Zhuz (Little Horde) 43–44, 57, 81–82, 86, 110, 116–17; Orta Zhuz (Middle Horde) 43–44, 57, 83, 86, 114, 116, 118, 130; Uly Zhuz (Great Horde) 43–44, 57, 114, 116, 119
Utley, Robert M., 105, 113–14, 129, 180
Valikhanov, Chokan, 56, 80, 154–57, 214
vandals, 36
Volkonskii, Grigorii (Russian Governor-General), 113
Volkov, D. A. (Governor of Orenburg), 159
Volost’ (Russian Administrative unit), 9, 118, 177
von Hellwald, Frederick, 152
von Humboldt, Alexander, 150
von Meyendorf, Baron, 151–52, 158
Voprosy istorii, 47
Wabasha (Sioux Chief), 86, 112
Walicki, Andrzej, 141–42
Walker, James R., 41–42, 51, 55, 57
Washington (District of Columbia), 108, 112, 115, 126, 191, 241
Welsh, Herbert, 188
Welsh, William, 130
Wheeler, Burton K. (Senator), 224–25
Wheeler, Geoffrey, 81
White, Richard, 16, 52, 70, 75, 77–78, 87, 121, 196, 206, 221
Wilson, Angela Cavender, 124
Wilson, Woodrow (President), 223–24
Wisconsin, 39–41, 71, 74, 76–78, 82, 107, 114, 208
Women’s National Indian Association, 188
Work, Hubert (US, Secretary of the Interior), 223
World War II, 46
Wright, George F., 175
Wunder, John, 23–24
Wyoming, 42, 72, 122, 124, 187
Zhanibek (Kazakh khan), 40, 43, 71
Zheti Su (“Seven Rivers”), 43
Zholaman Tlenchiev ,117–18, 125