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The Touch of Civilization: Comparing American and Russian Internal Colonization: Index

The Touch of Civilization: Comparing American and Russian Internal Colonization

Index

Index


Ablai Khan, 83, 104

Abulkhair (Kazakh khan), 72, 81–83, 86, 89, 105, 112–13, 128–29; Abulkhair’s oath (1732), 72, 82–83, 86, 89, 112, 128–29

Abylkhozhin, Zhulduzbek, 47

Acton (Minnesota), 123

Adams, Gordon, 21

Adams, Henry, 108

Adams, John Quincy (President), 152–53

Adas, Michael, 17

Adat, 181. See also Kazakh, customary law

Africa, 4, 7, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 37–38, 70, 126, 146, 148–49, 154, 171–72, 174, 177, 210, 236, 238, 241

Akmolinsk, 114, 119, 184, 208

Aktau, 119

Alash Orda (“The Horde of Alash”), 219, 222–23, 226

Alaska, 4, 8, 76, 120, 221

alcohol, 103

Alexander I (Russian Tsar, 1801–1825), 109

Alexander II (Russian Tsar, 1855–1881), 120

Algeria, 126, 172–73, 236

allotment, 6, 172, 176–78, 182–83, 185–86, 189–92, 195–96, 208, 215–16, 218–25, 236, 238

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 209

American Geographical Society, 174

Americanization, 140, 218, 226

American Revolution, 86

American Social Science Association, 143

American Society for Promoting the Civilization and General Improvement of the Indian Tribes, 211

Amu Darya, 40

Anderson, Benedict, 44, 219

Anderson, Gary Clayton, 46–47, 121

Andrews, Thomas G., 218

Apache (tribe), 6

Arabian Desert, 145

Arabic (script), 215

Aral Sea, 43, 54

Arapaho (tribe), 114, 121–22

Archambault, JoAllyn, 55

Arikara (tribe), 78, 113–15, 122

Asfendiarov, Sandzhar, 40

Asia, 4, 7, 12, 17, 22, 38, 70, 81, 142–44, 146, 148–49, 154, 162, 171–72, 174, 177, 206, 210–11, 238, 241

Asiatic, 53, 75, 84–85, 120, 145, 152, 156

assimilation, 7, 9, 12, 23–24, 111, 129, 146, 156, 187–88, 196, 209–11, 215–16, 218–19, 221, 224, 226

Assiniboine (tribe), 78, 122

Atkins, John D. C. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 185, 189–90, 217

Atkinson, Thomas, 53

Atlantis, 37

Australia, 15, 206

Austria-Hungary, 182

Bacon, Elizabeth E., 37, 59

Baian-Aul, 114

Bailey, Thomas A., 20

Baitursynov, Akhmet, 219, 222

Baltics, 4

Banner, Stuart, 84, 88, 106

Barbarian, 36, 85, 142–46, 159, 186, 236

Barymta, 160–61

Bashkirs, 4, 70, 75, 80–81, 85, 145

Bassin, Mark, 17

Battle of Geok-Tepe, 105

Battle of the Little Bighorn, 99, 104–5, 126

Bedouins, 36, 145

Belgium, 4, 10

Belich, James, 3, 22, 206

Bell, Captain James, 185

Berbers, 36

Berkhofer, Robert F., Jr., 107, 144, 147, 211

Biolsi, Thomas, 75, 225

Blackfeet, 42, 84, 101

Black Hills, 112, 114, 121, 125–26, 155, 186

“Black Hills’ War” (1875–1877), 105, 120

Black Sea, 221

Bloch, Marc, vii, 18

Board of Indian Commissioners (BIC), 187–88

Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 130

Bohannan, Paul, 37

Boilvin, Nicholas (Indian Agent), 111

Bokeikhanov, Alikhan, 44, 192, 221–22

Bolsheviks, 12, 19, 222

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 108–9

Bonin, Gertrude (Zitkala-Sa), 156

Bookwalter, John W., 151–52

Bozeman Trail, 124–25, 128, 184, 191

Brazil, 206

Britain. See Great Britain

British. See Great Britain

Brocherel, Jules, 53

Brodhead, Jane Millikin Napier, 144

Brown, Dee, 46

Brown, Kate, 17

Buddhism, 210

buffalo, 37, 51–54, 71m, 78, 80, 111–12, 127–28, 151, 187

“Buffalo Nation,” 39

Bukei Horde, 88, 110, 116. See also Inner Horde

Bukei Khan, 110

Bukhara, 43, 70, 73, 81, 102–3, 109, 118–20, 182

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 173, 178, 181, 185, 187–88, 214, 216–17

Burke, Edmund, 85

Burke Act (1906), 222

Burnaby, Fred, 150

Calhoun, John (US Secretary of War), 113, 115

California, 4, 103, 121–22, 149

Calloway, Colin G., 52, 121

Calvert, Peter, 22

Cameron, Sarah Isabel, 47

Canada, 15, 84, 88, 102–3, 206

Canadian Pacific Railway, 206

Cannonball River, 42

Caroe, (Sir) Olaf, 226

Carr, Helen, 7

Carrington, Colonel Henry, 124

Caspian Sea, 43

Cass, Lewis, 115

Catherine II (Tsarina, 1763–1796, “Catherine the Great”), 85, 88, 109, 159, 209–11, 214

Catholics, 188

Catlin, George, 55

Caucasus, vii, 4, 11, 13–15, 105, 174, 240

Celts, 236

Central America, 20, 70

Central Asia, vii–viii, 4, 11, 16, 37, 40, 46–47, 56, 72–73, 76, 102–3, 105, 109, 118, 120, 142–43, 145, 148, 155–56, 174, 206, 209, 212, 214, 222, 237, 240

Central Asian Revolt (1916), 47

Chaadaev, Peter, 141

Chandler, Zachariah (Secretary of the Interior), 126

Chatterjee, Partha, 23

Chechens, 6

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), 177

Cheyenne (tribe), 6, 37, 45, 101, 114, 121–22, 126

China, viii, x, 4, 43, 72–73, 76, 80, 83, 103; Chinese x, 3–5, 33, 36, 194

Chittenden, Hiram, 111

Christian, 22–23, 148–49, 156, 175, 184, 187–89, 196, 206, 209–13, 215, 218, 236, 239, 240. See also missionaries

Christianity. See Christian

Civil War: American, 20, 102, 123, 128, 162, 214; Russian, 12, 222, 226

Clark, William, 108–9, 115

Cocker, Mark, 152, 210

collectivization, 46–47, 224

Collier, John (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 224–26

colonialism, 3, 5, 7–8, 12, 18–24, 71, 127, 141, 173–74, 235, 237, 241

colonization, vii–ix, 3–24, 33, 42–43, 45–48, 59, 69, 74, 76, 82, 88, 90, 99–102, 104–5, 109, 114, 116, 119–20, 123, 127–29, 139–40, 146–48, 161–63, 171–75, 177–79, 181–83, 185–86, 189, 195, 205, 207–9, 212, 216–17, 219–21, 224, 235–39, 241–42

Colorado, 102, 181, 208

Comanche (tribe), 4, 53

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 45, 172, 178, 189–90, 215–17, 224

Communist Party Congress (1927), 224

Confederate States of America, 220

Congress (US), 87, 105–7, 113, 130, 176, 178, 183, 183, 187, 209, 213, 224–25

Conn, Steven, 210

Constitution: American, 105, 141, 241; Russian, 106; Tribal, 225

Continental Congress (US), 213

Cooper, Frederick, 239

Cooper, James Fenimore, 14

Crazy Horse, 102, 104–5, 112, 126

Crimean War (1853–1856), 120

Crow (tribe), 37, 70, 84, 101, 113, 122

Cuba, 20, 220

Curzon, George, 142

Custer, Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong, 39, 126, 155; Custer Expedition (1874), 126, 186

Cyrillic (script), 215

Dakota Superintendency, 45

Dakota Territory, 125, 185

Dartmouth College, 213

Dawes, Charles (Senator), 195

Dawes Act (1887), 45, 189–90, 196, 216, 219, 222–24

De Koninck, Rodolphe, 179

Deloria, Ella, 48

DeMallie, Raymond, 41, 55–56

Denig, Edwin, 54

Department of Justice (US), 124

Department of State (US), 107

Department of the Interior (US), 107, 173, 178, 188

Department of the Treasury (US), 107

Department of War (US), 107, 111, 173, 178, 188, 223

de Tocqueville, Alexis, 5, 141–42

DeWeese, Devin, 37

Divan (Judicial Tribunal), 119

“Divide and Conquer,” 100–101, 109–11, 113, 117, 242

Dobb, Maurice, 182

Doolittle, James R. (Senator), 183; Doolittle Commission, 183–84

Dostoevsky, Feodor, 143, 155

Doyle, Arthur Conan, 149

Dulhut, Daniel Greysolon, 77

Duluth (Minnesota), 77, 126

Duma (Russian parliament), 221–22

Dunch, Ryan, 211

Dutch. See Holland

Eastman, Charles (Uhiye Sa), 156–57, 219, 223

Emancipation Proclamation, Russian, 24, 120, 162, 182, 208

Emerson, Rupert, 224

Eurasia, 36, 39, 41

exceptionalism, 15, 139, 141–43, 239

extinction, 10, 45–46, 139, 146–47, 153–54, 179, 209, 239

Falls of St. Anthony, 109

Far East, 13–14, 143, 207

Father Venegas (Spanish Jesuit), 37

Fay, Sidney, 3, 153

Fetterman, Lieutenant William, 124–25

Fetterman Massacre, 104, 125, 184

Finland, 4, 240

First Russian All-Empire Census (1897), 45–46, 182

Fisk, Captain James L., 172

Fort Atkinson, 114

Fort Jesup, 114

Fort Laramie, 102, 122, 124

Fort Laramie Treaty (1851), 46, 122, 124, 180–81, 186

Fort Laramie Treaty (1868), 125–26, 187

Fort Peck Indian Reservation, 160

Fort Phil Kearny, 125

Fort St. Anthony, 113

Fort St. Antoine, 74

Fort St. Philip, 114

Fort Snelling, 113–15

Fox (tribe), 121

Francaviglia, Richard, 144

France, 4, 10, 74, 77–78, 83, 108–9, 155, 173, 220, 237; French 14, 19, 39–40, 69–75, 77–80, 82–86, 89–90, 103, 108–9, 126, 148, 154, 172–73, 194, 236–37, 241

Fraser, John Foster, 37, 153

Fredrickson, George M., 239

French Revolution (1789), 108–9

Friend (Quaker publication), 171

frontier, 4, 8, 15–17, 21, 46, 76, 82, 85, 89, 102–3, 114–15, 117, 119–20, 122–23, 130, 139, 144, 149, 161, 172, 174–75, 180–81, 186, 188, 211, 213, 220, 225, 236, 239

frontier thesis, viii, 16, 239

fur trade, 48, 71–72, 74, 77–78, 82, 87, 89, 103, 108, 111, 113–14, 121, 176

Gallagher, Hugh D. (reservation agent), 217

Gardner, Lloyd C., 5

Georgia (American state), 177

Georgia (Russian province), 106, 239

General Allotment Act (1887). See Dawes Act

genocide, 46–47

Germany, 4, 15; Germans, 154, 172

Gibbon, Guy, 40

Gleason, Abbott, 142

Gold Rush, 15, 46, 103

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 46

Gorchakov, Prince Alexander (Russian Foreign Minister), 120

Governor-Generals (Russian), 107, 113, 115, 118, 173, 175, 184, 192, 241

Gradovskii, Aleksander, 211

Grand River, 42

Grant, Ulysses S. (President and General), 126, 187–88

Grattan Massacre, 104

Grazhdanstvennost’ (Russian, “citizenship”), 210

“Great American Desert,” 149

Great Britain (England/Britain), 4, 10, 21, 72, 78, 83, 86, 102, 108, 156, 206, 212, 220, 235, 237; British/English, 8, 15, 19–20, 23, 69, 72, 75–80, 82–90, 102–3, 105–6, 108–9, 111, 113, 126, 148, 150, 154, 156, 172–73, 209, 236–37, 240–41

Great Depression, 12

“Great Game,” 102, 156

Great Plains, 13, 52, 70, 149–50, 241

Great Sioux Reservation, 125, 186, 190

Greeks, 33, 36, 144, 147

Green, Elizabeth, 225

Greene, Jerome A., 126

Greenwald, Emily, 196

Grigoriev, Vasilii, 81, 112, 195

Gros Ventres (tribe), 122

Grousset, René, 40

Grudzinska-Gross, Irena, 17

Guettel, Jens-Uwe, 172

Guide to the Great Siberian Railway (1900), 207

Guins, George C., 21

Gustafson, Sandra M., 5

Halecki, Oskar, 225

Hämäläinen, Pekka, 53

Hampton Institute, 216

Hannah, Matthew G., 185

Hapsburg Empire, 21

Harrison, Benjamin (US President), 190

Harrison, Brady, 20

Harun Ghazl (Kazakh sultan), 158

Haskell Institute, 216

Hassrick, Royal B., 49

Hawaii, 19, 173

Hayden, Ferdinand, 155

Heart River, 42

Hebrews, 37, 144

Hellwald. See von Hellwald

Hennepin, Father Louis, 48

Herndon, Sarah Raymond, 146–47

Herztberg, Hazel W., 226

Higham, Carol L., viii, 18

Hind, Robert J., 22

Hindoos, 213

Hobsbawm, Eric, 206

Hobson, John A., 19

Hokanson, Katya, 151

Holland (Netherlands), 4, 119, 150, 173

Holquist, Peter, 185

Home, Henry (Lord Kames), 154

Homestead Act (1862), 125, 172, 182–83, 186, 190, 194

horses, 35–36, 49–54, 71, 78–79, 84, 88, 102, 114–15, 151, 158, 160, 195

Hottentots, 213

Hudson, Alfred E., 40

Humboldt. See von Humboldt

Hunczak, Taras, 3

Huns, 36

Huntington, Ellsworth, 51, 147

Hyde, George E., 115, 196

Ilek, 79

Ilek Line, 114, 117, 128

Ilek River, 117

Illinois, 151

Il’minskii, Nikolai, 214–15; Il’minskii system, 214, 218

Imperial Geographic Society (Russian), 154, 174, 206

imperialism, ix, 3, 5, 10, 12, 16, 18–21, 23, 59, 70–71, 83, 90, 141–42, 148, 171, 209, 221, 235, 237–38, 240–41

Independence (Missouri), 150

India, 12, 172, 206, 209, 236

Indian Peace Commission, 125

Indian Problem, 11, 183, 218

Indian Removal, 177

Indian Reorganization Act (also Wheeler-Howard Act, 1934), 12, 224

Indian Rights Association, 188

Indian Territory, 17, 177, 193, 207

Indian Wars. See specific conflicts

Inkpaduta, 123

Inkpaduta’s War. See Spirit Lake Massacre

Inner Horde, 88, 110. See also Bukei Horde

Inorodtsy, 107, 211, 220

Inoverets, 211

Inozemtsy, 211

integration, 22, 24, 172, 206, 210, 226

internal colonization. See colonization

Iowa (state), 42, 72, 123, 151, 172

Iowa (tribe), 70, 78

Ireland, 21

Iroquois, 4, 69, 73, 75; Iroquois Wars, 72

Islam, 51, 56–57, 156, 210, 214, 236, 240

Italy, 182

Jackson, Helen Hunt, 130, 195

Jadid, 218

Jamestown, 8

Japan, 221; Japanese, 238

Jaxartes. See Amu Darya

“Jay Cooke’s gamble,” 126

Jefferson, Thomas, 8, 108, 141, 154, 183

Jesuits, 40, 71, 73, 89

Johnson, Douglas L., 37

Joselyn, John, 37

Judaism, 210

Kames, Lord. See Henry Home

Kansas, 151, 216, 220

Kaplan, Amy, 3

Karamzin, Nikolai, 210

Karnachev, Ivan, 119

Kashgar, 155

Kazak (newspaper), 222

Kazakh (Kirghis) Steppe, vii, 6–7, 12–17, 24, 43, 46, 53, 59, 69–70, 73–76, 79–83, 87–89, 100–105, 109–10, 112–14, 116, 119–20, 125–28, 130, 139, 143, 145–47, 149, 151, 155–56, 162, 172, 176–78, 181–85, 187, 191–92, 196, 207–9, 211–12, 221, 236, 239–41

Kazakhs: Aksakal, 58–59, 82, 84, 88; Alash (Kazakh Khan), 43–44; Aul, 48–50, 53, 57–59, 88, 116–19, 153, 185; Clan (ru and taipa), 43–44, 48–49, 57–59, 73, 83, 86, 101, 109–10, 113, 116–19, 130, 161, 194, 242; Customary Law (adat), 181; exogamy, 49; Kalym (“bride price”), 49; Khans, 40, 46, 58, 82–83, 105, 113, 116, 128–30, 242; Kirghiz, 43, 70, 81, 119, 147, 152, 156, 158; levirate, 49–50; polygamy (see polygamy, of Kazakhs); Ush Zhuz (“three hordes”) (see Ush Zhuz, of Kasakhs); white bone 59

Kazakhstan, vii, ix, 46–47, 81, 156, 226, 239

Kazan, 72, 75, 89

Kazan Theological Academy, 214

Kazan University, 214

Keating, William, 41

Kenesary Kasymov, 101, 104–5, 118–19, 125, 127, 155, 178, 181

Khalid, Adeeb, 240

Khiva, 70, 73, 81, 102, 109, 113, 117, 119–20, 182

Kibitka, 176. See also yurt

Kievan Rus’, 21

Kiowa (tribe), 4, 112, 114, 121

Kirei, 40

Kivelson, Valerie, 106

Kochevnik, 145. See nomadism

Kohn, Hans, 143

Kokand, 43, 73, 102, 109, 118–20, 182

Kokchetav, 114

Kolchin, Peter, 17

Kostenko, Lev F., 56

Kozybaev, Manash, 47

Krader, Lawrence, 41, 43–44, 50

“kulaks,” 224

Kumis, 53

Kurt, 53

Kuropatkin, General Aleksei, 192

LaDow, Beth, 220

Lake Mohonk Conference of the Friends of the Indian (1883), 188

Lake Pepin, 74, 109

“land section” (Zemskii otdel), 194

Lattimore, Owen, 38

Lazzerini, Edward J., 218

Lea, Luke (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 178

Leavenworth, Henry (Colonel), 114–15

Lemkin, Raphael, 46

Lenin, Vladimir, 19, 223–24

Leupp, Francis (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 189

Levshin, Aleksei I., 15, 44, 46, 56, 129–30, 161

Lewis and Clark Expedition, 108–9, 154–55

Lewis, Meriwether, 109, 154–55

Liberty Loans, 223

Limerick, Patricia Nelson, 193

Lincoln, Abraham, 124

Lindner, Rudi, 44, 59

Little Crow (Sioux Chief), 109, 112, 124, 129

Livingston, David, 23

lodge, 44, 55

Long, Stephen, 155

Louisiana: Louisiana Purchase (1803), 108, 155; Louisiana Territory, 4, 84, 108, 114, 154

Lounsbery, Anne, 17

Lowie, Robert H., 52–53

Luehrmann, Sonja, 17

Lujan, Carol Chiao, 21

MacKenzie, John, 5, 236

Madison, James, 141

Maier, Bernhard, 236

Mandan (tribe), 70, 78, 84, 113, 122

Manifest Destiny, 15, 20, 121, 161, 172, 206, 239

Mannheim, Karl, 218

Martin, Terry, 224

Martin, Virginia, 161

Marx, Karl, 20

Mason, Robert L., 8

McGinnis, Anthony R., 42, 160

McGranahan, Carole, 56, 239

Mektep (“native school”), 214

“Meriam Report” (1928), 223–24

Meyendorf. See von Meyendorf

Meyer, Roy W., 123

Mexican-American War, 220

Mexico, 4, 20, 102, 220

Middle East, 37–38, 154

Middle Ground, 17, 75

Miliukov, Paul N., 16

Ministry of Agriculture and State Property (Russia), 194

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia) ,156

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia), 107

Ministry of Overseas France (France), 173

Ministry of State Domains (Russia), 173, 194

Ministry of the Interior (France), 173

Ministry of the Interior (Russia), 194

Ministry of War (Russia), 156

Ministry of Ways of Communication (Russia), 207

Minnesota, 39–42, 71–72, 76, 78, 82–83, 107, 113, 121–24, 126, 151, 172, 208

Minnesota River, 109, 113, 180

Minnesota-Sioux War (1862), 128, 183, 208

missionaries, 24, 45, 50 71, 73, 75, 108–9, 111–13, 121, 175, 177

Mississippi River, 6, 77–78, 84, 87, 108–9, 111–13, 121, 175, 177

Mississippi Valley, 209

Missouri River, 78, 87, 112–14

Mitchell, David (Superintendent of Indian Affairs), 122

Moghul, 37

Mohammedans, 56. See also Islam

Mohawks, 37

Mongol, 19, 36–37, 39, 53, 70, 158; Mongolia, 76

“Mongol yoke,” 70, 149

Monroe Doctrine, 20

Montana, 42, 72, 102, 124–25, 149, 181, 183, 18, 208, 224

Moon, David, 196

Moreau River, 42

Morgan, Thomas Jefferson (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 190

Morse, Jedidiah, 5

Moses, A. Dirk, 18

Moslem, 144. See also Islam

Muhammed, 56. See also Islam

Mussulman, 56. See also Islam

Napoleonic Wars, 107–8, 110, 114

Nationality Question, 11, 241

Native American Tribes. See tribal names

Navajo, 46

Nearing, Scott, 19

Nebraska, 42, 72, 124–25, 151

“New Deal,” 226

New France, 82

New York Times, 206

New Zealand, 206

Nicaragua, 20

Nicholas I (Russian Tsar, 1825–1855), 119

Nicholas II (Russian Tsar, 1894–1917), 221

Nichols, Roger L., 209

Nicollet, Joseph N., 42

Nisbet, Robert A., 153

No Flesh (Sioux chief), 185

“noble savage,” 146–47

Nogai-Uzbek-Kazak Confederation, 40

Nolan, Mary, 239

nomadism, 10, 14, 17, 33, 36–39, 52, 176, 178, 192, 195, 224

Northern Pacific Railroad, 126

Northwest Ordinance (1787), 87, 107

Nugent, Walter, 141

Oberly, John H. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 217

Office of Indian Affairs (OIA), 225

Ohio, 87, 107–8

Ohio Valley, 84–85, 87

Ojibwa (Chippewa), 40, 78, 86

Oklahoma, 177

Omaha (tribe), 70, 121

Omsk, 79

Omsk Corps of Cadets, 155, 214

Ordinance of 1785, 107

Oregon, 102–3, 148

Oregon Trail, 150

Orenburg, 79, 82, 113–14, 158

Orenburg Frontier Commission, 117, 119

“Orenburg Kirgiz,” 116

Orientalism, 143, 148

Orthodox (church), 57, 187, 189, 207, 209–11, 214

Ossetians, 4

Osterhammel, Jürgen, 181, 208

Ostler, Jeffrey, 9, 107, 126, 129, 178

Ottoman Empire. 4, 19, 86, 103

Oxus. See Syr Darya

Oytate, of Sioux, 41; Blackfeet, 124; Brulé, 42, 57, 124; Hunkpapa, 42, 57, 124; Mdewakantonwan, 42, 109, 121; Miniconjou, 42, 57, 124; Oglala, 42, 57, 124, 191, 218; Sans Arc, 42, 57, 124; Sisitonwan/Sisseton, 42; Titonwan, 42; Two Kettle, 42, 57, 124; Wahpekute, 42; Wahpetonwan/Wahpeton, 42; Wiciyela, 42

Padgen, Anthony, 23

Palat, Madhavan, 114

Palestine, 21

Parker, Ely, 156

Patai, Raphael, 37

Paul I (Russian Tsar, 1796–1801), 109

Pawnee, 113

“Peace Policy,” 187–88

Pearce, Roy Harvey, 146, 153

Peffer, William A., 220

Persia, 19, 72–73, 102–3

Pettigrew, Richard F. (Senator), 191

Philippines, 20, 173, 220

Pidgeon, William 144

Pike, Zebulon, 109, 113, 149, 155, 191

Pilcher, Joshua, 111

Pine Ridge Reservation, 185, 191–92, 196, 217–18

Pogodin, Mikhail, 142

Poland (Poles), 4, 182, 240; Poles, 4, 106

polygamy, of Kazakhs, 49; Alimuly 43; Baiuly 43; Chaichkly 44; Kangly 44; Kereit 44; Kongrad 44; shezhere (“genealogy”) 43; Tabyn 117; Zhetyru 43

Ponca, 45, 78, 113, 125

Pond, Gideon, 215

Pond, Peter, 78

Pond, Samuel W., 56, 215

Porter, N. S. (Indian Agent), 160

Powder River, 124

Powder River War (1866–1868), 105, 120, 127, 187

Prairie du Chien, 111, 115; Prairie du Chien Treaty (1825), 121; Prairie du Chien Treaty (1830), 121

Pratt, Mary Louise, 15

Pratt, Richard Henry, 189, 216

Price, Catherine, 58

Prince, Joseph M., 54

Prisoedinenie (“unification”), 16, 81

Proclamation of 1763, 84, 106

Protestants, 188

“Provisional Statute on the Administration of turgai, Akmolinsk, Uralsk, and Semipalatinsk Oblasts,” 184, 186. See Steppe Commission

Prucha, Francis Paul, 177, 184

Prussia, 21, 206

Pushkin, Alexander, 146

Qing Dynasty (China), 4

Quakers, 188

Quarterly Journal of the Society of American Indians, 223

Radlov, Vasili, 154

railroads. See specific railroad

Red Cloud, 105, 125, 127–28, 191, 196

Red Cloud Agency, 126

“Red Cloud’s War.” See Powder River War

Red Cross, 223

“Regulations on the Siberian Kirgiz,” 116

Reid, Mayne, 14

reservations, x, 9, 17, 45, 50, 101, 105, 120, 122–23, 126, 128, 156, 161, 171, 177–80, 182, 184–85, 187–90, 192–93, 196, 214–15, 220, 222, 236, 241

resettlement, viii, 11, 21, 101, 107, 116, 161–62, 172, 176, 178, 181–84, 186–87, 193–95, 207–8, 219, 221

“Resettlement Act” (1889), 194

Resettlement Administration (Pereselencheskoe upravlenie), 194–95, 207

resistance, 6, 9, 11, 42, 46, 88, 99–102, 104–5, 112, 115, 119–20, 122, 127–28, 177, 224, 242

Riggs, Stephen R., 40, 44, 44, 212, 215

rivers. See individual river names

Robinson, Doane, 112

Robinson, Geroid T., 193

Rocky Mountains, 108, 151, 172

Roman Empire, 19, 33, 236

romanticism, 142, 144, 151, 154

Roosevelt, Franklin, 224–25

Rose, Deborah Bird, 175

Rosebud Agency, 185

Rudy, Charles, 141, 151

rule: direct, 21, 24, 90, 225; indirect, 21, 90

Russian Revolutions: 1905, 221, 238; 1917, 12, 222

Russification, 24, 140, 215, 218, 224, 226

Sacs, 111, 121

Said, Edward W., 143

St. Croix River, 109

St. Germain, Jill, 122

St. Peter’s Agency, 115

Saint Petersburg, 81, 85, 156, 186, 241

Samarkand, 103

Samovol’tsy, 85, 193

Sarzhan Kasymov, 117–19

Sblizhenie (“coming together”) 16, 24

Schuyler, Eugene, 56, 184

“Scouting” (khodachestvo), 194

Scythians, 36–37, 144

Seattle (Washington), 126

sedentary, 35–36, 38–39, 54, 71, 85, 114, 130, 156, 185, 187, 192, 195, 205, 220, 240; sedentarization 12, 17, 191, 196, 215

Select Committee on Aborigines (1837, House of Commons, Great Britain), 212

Semenov, Peter, 154

Semipalatinsk, 79, 184, 208

Semirechie, 43, 119, 181–82, 184, 192

“Semirechie Kirgiz,” 116

Senate Committee of Indian Affairs, 191

Seneca (tribe), 156

Serbia, 182

Serfdom (Russian), 24, 85, 120, 142, 162, 182, 208

Sergiopol, 114

Shamil (Imam), 105

Shcherbina Expedition, 192

Sherman, General William Tecumseh, 125, 188

Siberia, 3–4, 11, 13–14, 16, 37, 45, 69–70, 74–76, 79–80, 85–86, 89, 115, 120, 139, 145, 149–51, 153, 172, 174–75, 178, 182–83, 206–7, 210, 221, 241

“Siberian Kirgiz,” 116

Siberian Railway Committee, 207

“Silk Road,” 71, 103

Sitting Bull, 104–5, 112, 125

“Sitting Bull’s War,” 120

Skinner, Alanson, 58

slavery, 15, 17, 183

Slavophile, 142–43

Slocum, John W., 211

Slotkin, Richard, 183

Smith, Henry Nash, 144

Smith, J. Russell, 205

Smith, John Q. (Commissioner of Indian Affairs), 215

Smith, Sherry L., 50, 147, 158

Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, 5

Society of American Indians, 219, 223

Sioux: Akicita, 58; blotahunka, 58; Dakota, 39–40, 42, 44–45, 48, 57, 71–73, 86, 109, 111, 121, 124, 187, 215; exogamy, 49; hakatakus (“bride price”), 49; itancan, 58; Lakota, 39–40, 42, 44, 53, 55, 57, 72; levirate, 49–50; natowessiwak (also “Nadoueceronon”), 40; Oceti Sakowin (“Seven Council Fires”), 41; Oyate (subdivisions) (see Oyate, of Sioux); polygamy, 49; Santee, 39, 42, 57, 76, 101, 109, 115, 121, 123; “Sun Dance,” 48, 55–56, 217; “sweat lodge,” 55; “War Dance” 56; Tiyospaye (nomadic community) (see Tiyospaye, of Sioux); Teton, 39, 42, 57, 76, 78, 88, 101, 109, 111, 113–15, 121; Wakiconza, 58; Wakicun, 58; Yankton/Yanktonai, 39, 42, 57, 88, 111, 113–14, 121, 124

Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Spain, 4, 84, 102, 220; Spanish 19, 82, 84, 86–87, 102, 108, 220

Spanish-American War, 19, 173, 238

Speransky, Mikhail (Governor-General of Siberia), 115, 122, 175–76, 181; Speransky Reforms (see also “Regulations on the Siberian Kirgiz”) 122, 175–76, 181

Spirit Lake Massacre (1857), 122

Spooner, Brian, 39

Srym Batyr, 88, 105; Srym Batyr’s Rebellion, 99, 105

Stalin, Joseph, 46–47, 224, 226, 240

Stanitsy (Cossack settlements), 114

“Statute on Primary Schools” (Russia, 1864), 215

Steckel, Richard H., 54

Steppe Commission (Russia, 1865), 184

Stoler, Ann Laura, 5–6, 239

Stumm, Hugo, 152

Sultan Kaip-Galii Ishimov, 81, 117

Sunderland, Willard, 173, 207

Sunni Muslims. See Islam

Superintendent of Indian Trade (US), 176

Swift, Jonathan (Gulliver’s Travels), 18–19

Syr Darya, 40, 43, 71, 208

Szasz, Margaret, 223

Taliaferro, Lawrence, 115

Tashkent, 71,118, 182; Tashkent Kushbegi, 118

Tashkent-Orenburg Railway, 207

Tatar (Tartars), 4, 36–37, 56, 75–76, 80, 85, 143–45, 155, 214

Tatarization, 57

Tatimov, Makash, 47

Texas, 4, 181, 208

Thomas, Robert, 129

Thornton, A. P., 237–38

Three Stars, Clarence, 218

Tien Shan Mountains, 43

Tiyospaye, of Sioux, 48, 50, 57–58; Wicotipi (camp unit), 48

“Toleration of All Faiths” (Russian edict, 1773), 209

Tolstoi, D. A. (Russia, Minister of Education), 214–15

Trans-Alleghany, 84–85

Trans-Continental Railway, 125, 172, 206

Trans-Kama Line, 74

Trans-Siberian Railway, 172, 206–8

Traverse des Sioux (Treaty, 1851), 122

Treadgold, Donald W., vii–viii, 16

treaties. See specific treaties

Treaty of Portage des Sioux (1815), 112

Tsar. See individual Tsars

Turgai Oblast, 184, 186

Turkestan (Turkistan), 14, 17, 41, 43, 45, 76, 80, 83, 102–3, 172, 175, 182, 184, 192, 207, 240–41

Turkmen, 4, 6, 80, 105; Turkoman, 237

Turks (Ottoman), 33

Turner, Frederick Jackson, viii, 10, 15–16, 239

Uezd (Russian districts), 9, 185

Ukraine, 4, 239

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 12, 15–17, 46–47, 105, 182, 222–26, 239–40

Union Pacific Railroad, 206

Ural Mountains, 69, 74

Ural River, 86, 88, 110, 117, 175

Ush Zhuz (“Three Hordes”), of Kazakhs, 42–44, 49; Kishi Zhuz (Little Horde) 43–44, 57, 81–82, 86, 110, 116–17; Orta Zhuz (Middle Horde) 43–44, 57, 83, 86, 114, 116, 118, 130; Uly Zhuz (Great Horde) 43–44, 57, 114, 116, 119

Utley, Robert M., 105, 113–14, 129, 180

Uzbeks, 6, 40, 43, 71

Valikhanov, Chokan, 56, 80, 154–57, 214

vandals, 36

Vernyi, 119, 181, 192

Volga River, 80, 85, 110

Volkonskii, Grigorii (Russian Governor-General), 113

Volkov, D. A. (Governor of Orenburg), 159

Volost’ (Russian Administrative unit), 9, 118, 177

von Hellwald, Frederick, 152

von Humboldt, Alexander, 150

von Meyendorf, Baron, 151–52, 158

Voprosy istorii, 47

Wabasha (Sioux Chief), 86, 112

Walicki, Andrzej, 141–42

Walker, James R., 41–42, 51, 55, 57

Washington (District of Columbia), 108, 112, 115, 126, 191, 241

Welsh, Herbert, 188

Welsh, William, 130

Wheeler, Burton K. (Senator), 224–25

Wheeler, Geoffrey, 81

Whelan, Mary K., 48, 50

White, Richard, 16, 52, 70, 75, 77–78, 87, 121, 196, 206, 221

Wilson, Angela Cavender, 124

Wilson, Woodrow (President), 223–24

Wisconsin, 39–41, 71, 74, 76–78, 82, 107, 114, 208

Wolfe, Patrick, 174, 196

Women’s National Indian Association, 188

Work, Hubert (US, Secretary of the Interior), 223

World War I, 12, 222–23

World War II, 46

Wounded Knee, 46, 102

Wright, George F., 175

Wrobel, David M., ix, 239

Wunder, John, 23–24

Wyoming, 42, 72, 122, 124, 187

yurt, 44–45, 49, 176

Zhanibek (Kazakh khan), 40, 43, 71

Zheti Su (“Seven Rivers”), 43

Zholaman Tlenchiev ,117–18, 125

Ziolkowski, Margaret, 17, 140

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