Illustrations
0.1. Example of an urban beautification mural project, southern Tehran
1.1. Map of the contemporary setting of the site of el-Amarna
1.2. View from the Aten Temples resembling the Akhet glyph at sunrise
1.4. Map of boundary stelae marking the territory of el-Amarna
1.8. Map of the ancient capital el-Amarna
1.9. Plan of the Central City of el-Amarna
1.10. Ramps and stairs with double-sided balustrades
2.2. Reconstruction of the five-column monument on the western Rostra
2.4. Arch of Constantine, relief of Constantine with the five-column monument
2.5. So-called Rostra Vandalica
2.6. Equestrian statue base of Constantine overlapping the Rostra Vandalica
2.7. Porphyry statue group of the Tetrarchs, Basilica of San Marco, Venice
3.1. Late antique and medieval capital cities mentioned in the text
3.2. The Tabula Peutingeriana, a medieval copy of a Roman road map
3.3. Map of Byzantine Constantinople
3.4. Church of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, modern Istanbul, Turkey
3.5. Third Military Gate, containing inscription in honor of Theodosius II
3.6. Virgin Orans framed by Constantinopolitan walls
3.7. Fortification system of Constantinople with Long Walls of Thrace
3.8. Siege of Constantinople, fresco, Moldoviţa, Romania
3.9. Medieval capitals in the Balkans and eastern Europe
3.17. Dedicatory inscription from the tower of Small Town, Smederevo
3.18. Building techniques of the city walls in Smederevo and Constantinople
4.2. Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand
4.3. “View of Judea [Ayutthaya], the Capital of Siam”
4.5. Ordination Hall, Temple of the Emerald Buddha, Bangkok, Thailand
4.6. Wat Phra Sri Sanpetch, Ayutthaya, Thailand
5.1. Lake Titicaca and the extent of influence from the Tiwanaku polity
5.2. Sacred mountains visible from the Titicaca Basin
5.3. Tiwanaku-Period monuments
5.5. Cross sections of the Kalasasaya and Akapana platforms
5.6. Kalasasaya and Putuni platforms with points of access
5.7. View south of Quimsachata from between the Putuni and Kalasasaya platforms
5.8. Idealized view of the southern horizon from inside the templete
6.2. Plan of the center of Cusco
6.4. Machu Picchu, kallanka, and view to the Ceremonial Rock
6.5. Machu Picchu, view showing potential Hanan and Hurin division
6.6. Chinchero, Great Plaza with Structure 11 and Pumaccacca outcrop
6.7. Chinchero, Great Plaza with kallanka buildings
6.8. Huanuco Pampa, plan, and alignment between usnu and Sector IIB
6.10. Vilcabamba the Old (Espiritu Pampa)
7.1. Basin of Mexico, post-Classic settlements including Mexico-Tenochtitlan
7.3. Island of Mexico-Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco with major barrio divisions
7.4. Excavated remains from Templo Mayor showing diversity of construction stones
7.5. Reconstruction of Offering 98 unearthed at the Templo Mayor
7.6. Two-tufted figures from Offerings S, L, and 20
7.7. Drawings of temples with twin shrines illustrated in codices
7.8. Frontispiece, Thomas Hobbes’s The Leviathan
8.1. Map of Italy showing location of Matera in the deep south
8.2. Intricate layers of houses carved into and out of the limestone hillside
8.3. Axonometric and section drawings of cave structures in the hillside
8.4. Section and aerial illustration of the Sassi
8.5. Matera’s cathedral dominates the Civita, which towers above the Sassi
8.6. Line of buildings forming the Quinta, separating the Sassi from the Piano
8.7. Reproductions of peasant wagons in the Sassi today; faded traffic sign
8.8. Interior of a peasant home in the Sassi with mule in background
8.9. Interior of a Sassi home showing large, prosperous family dining
8.10. Sassi residents collecting water from a well
9.1. Mussolini’s visit to the work at the Imperial Fora from Capitolium, 1928
9.2. Demolition underway at the Imperial Fora
9.3. The Piazza Montanara before and during demolition>
9.4. La Domenica del Corriere cover from October 9, 1932
9.5. La Domenica del Corriere cover from October 23, 1932
9.6. Capitolium article, demolition at the Mausoleum of Augustus
9.7. Mussolini center stage swinging the pickaxe to demolish buildings
9.8. Article on the work underway at the Piazzale Augusto Imperatore
9.9. Photograph of the work underway at the Piazzale Augusto Imperatore
10.3. Citadel Square, Qajar Tehran, 1890s
10.4. Shahyad (Azadi) Monument and Square, Tehran
10.6. Highway retaining wall and landscaping as urban beautification, Tehran
10.7. Haft-e Tir Square, central Tehran
10.8. Urban beautification mural project, Tehran
10.9. Vali Asr Avenue, stencil of presidential candidate Musavi
10.10. Graffiti stating “don’t vote,” June 2009 presidential campaign