Figures
1.2. Map of approximate early Spanish colonial routes through modern-day Arizona
1.3. Map of approximate early Spanish colonial routes through modern-day New Mexico
2.1. Approximate route of the Francisco Vázquez de Coronado expedition, February 1540 to June 1542
2.2. Map of Vázquez de Coronado’s “Tiguex Province” (middle Rio Grande valley)
2.3. Sample of sixteenth-century metal artifacts recovered from Piedras Marcadas Pueblo
2.4. Military-related metal sixteenth-century metal artifacts recovered from Piedras Marcadas Pueblo
2.5. Sample of slingstones recovered from surface context at Piedras Marcadas Pueblo
3.1. LA 162’s location in the Middle Rio Grande Valley
3.2. Local watersheds and drainage systems in the vicinity of LA 162
3.3. North-south elevation profile of the Arroyo San Pedro watershed
3.4. Major Early Classic–period sites in the East Mountains
3.5. Site map of LA 162 illustrating major divisions and roomblocks identified by Nels Nelson (1914)
3.6. Map of the seventeenth-century plaza group at LA 162
3.7. Rectilinear structure constructed in the southwest corner of Paako’s seventeenth-century plaza
3.8. Corrals erected within Paako’s seventeenth-century plaza
3.9. Precontact- and contact-period Arroyo San Pedro community settlement patterns
3.10. Colonial-period water-management features at Paako
3.11. Estimated precontact-period ceramic density along the Arroyo San Pedro floodplain
3.12. Estimated contact-period ceramic density along the Arroyo San Pedro floodplain
3.13. Density of major Middle Rio Grande pueblo sites during the Early Classic Period
3.14. Density of major Middle Rio Grande pueblo sites during the contact and colonial periods
3.15. Paako and neighboring communities at the beginning of the contact period
3.16. Paako and neighboring communities in the mid-seventeenth century
4.3. Wàlpi kiva interior showing Hopi man weaving on a traditional upright Pueblo loom, 1899
6.2. Probable Jicarilla Apache rock art from the Rio Grande Gorge
6.3. Lightly abraded and pecked rock art at the Manby Trailhead Site (LA 102341)
6.4. Map of the central tipi encampment (Area 6) at the Vista Verde Site
6.5. Scratched and abraded rock art from the Vista Verde Site (detail of Panel 2014-009A)
6.6. Scratched and abraded rock art from the Vista Verde Site (Panel 2008-353)
6.7. Scratched and abraded rock art from the Vista Verde Site (panel 2008-408A)
6.9. Scratched and abraded rock art from the Vista Verde Site (panel 2008-298)
7.1. Villages mentioned in the text
7.3. The expansion of the Vecino Homeland after Nostrand (1970, 1975, 1980)
7.4. Rio del Oso grant genealogy
7.5. Early and late component structures in the Rio del Oso Valley
8.1. Sample of twenty-five excavated Hispanic Sites
9.3. Ruins of mission church at Awat’ovi on Antelope Mesa
10.2. O’odham distribution in the Pimería Alta as reported by Kino and Manje
10.3. Pimería Alta sites and landmarks
11.1. Map of the Pimería Alta in the eighteenth century
11.2. Summary of zooarchaeological remains from Mission San Agustín
11.3. Summary of zooarchaeological remains from Mission Cocóspera
12.2. A Piman bean pot found in a trash-filled pit inside the Tucson Presidio
12.3. Northern Puebloan ceramic sherds found in the Tucson Presidio
12.6. Brass gunstock appliqués on an escopeta found in New Mexico
13.2. Settlement extent of O’odham villages along the middle Gila River during the historic period
13.3. Population numbers of the middle Gila River Valley from historic documents.
13.4. Map of middle Gila River historic canals and villages
13.5. Estimated irrigated acreage in the late historic period, select years, 1850–1921
13.6. Grain production on Gila River Indian Community
15.1. Plan view of the Spanish mission at Abó (New Mexico) after its first reconstruction circa 1652
15.2. This mission bell was found at San Cristóbal Pueblo in New Mexico’s Galisteo Basin