Skip to main content

Indians and Mestizos in the “Lettered City”: INDEX

Indians and Mestizos in the “Lettered City”

INDEX

INDEX
________

Acosta, José de, 212

Administration, 9; proposed reforms to, 182–83

Africans, 129, 189(n24), 204

Agravios y vejaciones, 114, 140–41, 142, 143

Agudelo, Tomás, 137

Alba de Aliste, Viceroy Conde de, 146(n30)

Albornoz, Cristóbal de, 127

Aldave, Juan de Dios, 85(n10)

Alexander VI, Pope, 98–99, 101, 104, 212

Alaperrine-Bouyer, Monique, 47

Alliances, creole-Andean, 135–37

Alsamora, Pedro de, 62

Alvarez, Bartolomé, 29(n63)

Anchipula, Francisca, 200

Andahuaylas, 65

Andeans, 2, 6, 13, 25–26(nn23, 24), 71, 96, 99, 101, 105, 229(n57); definition of, 3–4, 23(n7); demands for freedoms by, 179–80; education of, 15–16, 27(n48), 28(n53), 29(n62), 138, 172–75; identity as, 4–6, 17–18, 175, 225–27; as idolaters, 162–63; in religious orders, 164–72, 190–91(nn53, 57, 58); social prestige of, 25–26(n25), 67, 186, 188(n8); textual production by, 7–11

Andean culture, defining, 3–4

Antequera, Joséph de, 191(n57)

Apoalaya, Carlos, 49, 55(n46), 199

Apo Inka, 147(n61)

Apologética Historia Sumaria (Casas), 99

Archbishops, 60

Areche, José Antonio de, 176, 223

Arenas, Andrés de, 49

Arriaga, José de, 222

Arteaga, Juan Bautista, 85(n10)

Asillo (Azángaro), 36, 116

Assassination attempts, 71, 73

Assia, Mateo de, 29(n67)

Atahualpa, 103

Atauche Túpacusi Rimache Inga, Melchor, 37, 55(n46)

Audiencia of Lima, 36, 56(n66), 62, 215, 235

Audiencias, 3, 11, 55(n45), 62, 79, 182, 234; with king, 34–36, 37; kurakas, 49–50; real, 117, 184

Authorship: collective, 13–14, 27(n40), 83; of memoriales, 47–48, 55–56(nn50, 51); of “Representación verdadera,” 71, 73–78, 87–88(n35), 89(n51)

Authority, 102, 146(n30); of king, 94–95; papal, 99–100; reform of, 182–83

Autonomy, 154; educational, 62, 86(n22); ethnic, 2, 5, 104, 171, 174, 185, 234; natural rights of, 105–9; political, 14, 80

Avalos, Manuel de, 191(n57)

Avendaño, Diego de, Thesaurus indicum, 48

Averza, Luis de, 191(n57)

Ayala, Julián de, 73, 76, 90(n63)

Ayala, Martin de, 15

Ayavire, Fernando, opposition to mita, 32–33

Ayllón, Juan Lorenzo, 35

Ayllón, Nicolás. See Nicolás de Dios

Ayllus, 16, 25(n24)

Aymara language, 40

Ayún Chifo, Lorenzo, 47, 55(n51)

Azángaro, 36, 116

Barreto, Antonio, 200

Bartolomé, St., 104

Bastidas, Micaela, 177

Beltrán, Lorenzo, 85(n10)

Bernales Ballesteros, Jorge, 74

Bible, comparisons to, 70, 76, 114, 242–43

Bohorques, Pedro, 57(n70), 80, 147(n61)

Book of Jeremiah, The, 70, 76

Borja y Aragón, Francisco, 146(n30)

Bourbon rule, 3, 6, 17, 52, 60, 137, 152, 157, 175, 196, 233, 234; judicial system, 61, 63, 65, 117; rebellions and, 20, 76, 78

Bourbon reforms, 9, 25–26(n25), 61, 83, 102, 140–41, 149(n105); opposition to, 65, 119

Burga, Manuel, 219

Bustamante Carlos Inga, Juan de, 61, 67, 84(n8), 87(n26), 191(n57)

Bustillos, Julián, 224

Caballeros de los Reyes, Marcos, 191(n57)

Cabildos, 25(n24), 181, 206; El Cercado, 87(n31), 88(n49), 89(n52), 206, 207

Cacicazgos, 8, 82, 169, 236, 242; restoration of, 100, 104, 154

Caciques, 11, 18, 26(n30), 42, 52–53(n6), 85–86(n16), 134, 160, 189(n15), 228(n20), 242; corregidores system and, 116–17; education of, 28(nn53, 54), 172; legal and social activism of, 32–38, 67, 68

Cacma Condori, Andres, 85(n16)

Cajactambo, 56(n66)

Cajamarca, 37, 49, 211

Cala, Isodoro de, 66, 67, 68, 71, 73, 88(n36), 89(n51)

Calchaquíes, 57(n70), 80

Calixto, Fray. See

Túpac Inca, Calixto de San José

Calixto, Santiago, 85(n10)

Camaguacho, Gabriel, 18

Camaná, 91(n78)

Canga Guacra, Francisco Tisy, 25(n25), 42

Capellanías, 169–70

Carabaya, 116

Carlos Inga, Melchor, 84(n8)

Carlos Inga lineage, 169

Carlos y Antequera, Francisco Javier, 191(n57)

Casa de Santacruz, 16

Casas, Bartolomé de las, 96, 98, 113, 114, 131, 139, 161, 193(n87), 205, 243; Apologética Historia Sumaria, 99; on indigenous peoples, 32, 101, 103, 148–49(n93); opposition to encomienda, 8, 26(nn26, 35), 32

Castelfuerte, Viceroy Marqués de, 30(n72), 60, 85(n13), 158, 204

Castro, Joseph de, 158

Castro, Ramón de, 137

Catalina, Sister, 200

Catholic Church, Catholicism, 9, 13, 21, 27–28(n49), 53–54(n26), 75, 95, 185, 211, 230(n67), 243(n5); Andean Christianity and, 208, 209; Andean inclusion in, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 162–66, 189(n23), 190–91(n53), 226–27; conversions to, 40, 107, 115, 160; critiques of, 120–27, 146– 47(nn32, 33, 44, 45), 149(n96), 237; crown control of, 84(n4), 167; power structure of, 237–38; priesthood, 158–62, 166–72; rebellion and, 221–25; reform proposals, 177–78

Cédula de honores, 60, 152, 157, 169, 181, 187, 189(n16), 199, 201, 228(n29), 236; enforcement of, 63, 161

Censuses, 60

Cerro de la Sal missions, 66, 86(n20), 125, 139, 164

Chachapoyas, 116

Chaigua Cassamusa, Antonio, 84(n8), 86(n23)

Chalco Chima Quizo Yupanki, 103

Chancay, 116

Chapi, Pablo, 86(n20)

Charcas Province, 65, 82, 116, 117, 122, 235; evangelization in, 120–21, 202; memoriales from, 34, 43, 52–53(n6); missionary activity in, 40, 41–42, 67; opposition to mita in, 32–33

Charhuacondori, Ramón, 191(n57)

Charles I, 27(n48)

Charles II, 57(n74), 167; memoriales to, 6, 47; real cédula by, 51, 157, 217; on social privilege, 154, 188(n3)

Charles III, 118, 158, 169, 191(n58)

Chavín Palpa, Francisco, 18

Chayanta, 2, 137

Chicama Valley, 116

Chicho Indians, 185

Chiclayo, 116

Chieftains, 117, 128

Chimo, Carlos, 35–36

Chirinos y Cabrera, Manuel, 191(n57)

Choquehuanca, Gregorio, 191(nn57, 60)

Choquehuanca lineage, 169

Chosop, Alberto, 181, 182, 194(n100)

Christianity, 90(n75), 94, 100, 103, 106, 236, 243(n5); Andean, 208–10; conversion to, 40, 41–42, 68, 104, 107, 163–64; identity and, 22–23, 99, 159, 197, 215–17, 226–27, 237–38; mita system and, 128–29; and rebellion, 221–25; religious education, 15–16; social status and, 151–52; utopian, 220–21

Christians, 160, 216; devotion as, 218–20; identity as, 200–201, 207–10, 226–27; old, 154, 155, 156, 171, 217

Chumbingo, Bartolomé Cristobal, 85(n10)

Chuquicallata, Diego, 191(n60)

Chuquiguanca, Joseph, 116

“Cinco memoriales” (Cuevas Herrera), 6, 39(fig.), 54(n33), 105, 127, 133, 147(n49), 212; on caciques, 116–17; on Catholic Church, 120–21; complaints in, 40–42

Cirilo y Castilla, Julián, 62, 67, 84(n9), 87(n27), 174, 190(n43)

Ciudad letrada, 3, 10, 141–42, 239

Civil society, 96–97

Clemente XIII, 167

Clerics, writings of, 137–40. See also by name

Cobo, Antonio, 73–74, 76

Cochabamba: rebellions in, 65, 84(n2), 137

Cofradias, 19, 42

Colegio de Caciques El Cercado “El Principe,” 16, 17, 28(n50); alumni of, 18, 87(n31); Jerónimo Lorenzo Limaylla in, 43, 48

Colegio de Caciques San Francisco de Borja (San Borja), 15, 16–17, 19, 29(n66), 67

Colegios de caciques, 15, 28(nn53, 54), 172; establishment of, 16–17

Colegios mayores, 167

Collatopa, Antonio, 37, 49

Collao Province, 115

Colonialism, 1, 8, 9, 26(n31), 82, 94, 97, 108, 145(nn14, 15), 146(n30), 243; Catholic Church and, 120–27; Christianity, 208–10, 221, 226–27; corruption under, 75–76; critiques of, 2, 129–31; Cuevas Herrera’s critique of, 38–42; discrimination under, 107, 165–66; divine justice and, 214–15; grievances about, 6–7, 32; justice under, 68, 70, 143–44; nobility formation, 197–202; papal bulls on, 98–99

Colonizers, as “other,” 205–7

Colqui y Pruna, Isidro, 74, 86(n23)

Columbus, Christopher, Instrucción to, 155, 156

Comentarios reales de los Incas (Garcilaso de la Vega), 9, 17, 101, 161, 212, 213, 229(nn44, 45), 240

Common good, 97; as theme, 21, 46, 81

Community assets, management of, 179, 185

Compact, 156–57

Composiciones de tierras, 9, 33, 34, 35, 36

Condor Anchay, Pedro, 74, 86(n23)

Condorcanqui, José Gabriel. See Túpac Amaru II

Conquest, 100, 101, 102, 103–4, 211–12

Conspiracies, 76

Constitutional activism, 194(n109)

Conversion, 107; to Christianity, 40, 68, 104, 115, 124, 155, 163–64

Copacabana, 185

Copacabana Chapel (Lima), 51

Copacondori, Marcos Javier, 116

Cordero, Juan, 200

Cornejo, Juan, 49–50

Corquemarca, 89(n53)

Corregidores, 3, 25(n24), 34, 41, 49, 79, 90(nn68, 73), 234; abolition of, 2, 98, 119; critique of, 114–18, 144(n3); opposition to, 63, 79, 177, 182, 205; rebellion against, 222–23

Corruption, 60; of caciques and kurakas, 116–17; of colonialism, 40, 97, 126, 145(n14); of corregidores, 115–16

Cotabambas, rebellions, 65, 84(n2)

Council of Nicea, 161

Council of the Indies, 62, 84(n9), 95; mita system and, 35–36; petitions submitted to, 47, 63, 85(n13), 88(n49)

Council of Trent, 120, 161, 167, 168, 180

Creoles, 5, 21, 114; Oruro Manifiesto, 135–37; scholarship, 131–37, 143

Cristianos viejos. See Christians: old

Critique: of Catholic Church, 120–27, 146–47(nn32, 33, 44, 45), 149(n96), 237; of colonial justice, 2, 129–31; corregidores, 114–18, 144(n3); of encomienda, 8, 26(nn26, 35) mita, 32–38, 55(n46), 65, 82, 180

Crown, control of Catholic Church, 84(n4)

Cuesta, Andrés de la, 48

Cueva, Alonso de la, 57(n74)

Cuevas Herrera, Juan de, 9, 15, 27(n41), 53–54(n26), 74, 79, 80, 82, 97, 104, 109, 136, 141, 143, 164, 190(n43), 205, 237, 239; career of, 38, 146(n35); on Catholic Church, 120–23, 126, 177–78; “Cinco memoriales,” 6, 39(fig.), 40–42, 54(n33), 105, 116–17, 127, 133, 147(n49); on indigenous peoples, 202–3; on mita system, 128–29; opposition to corregidores, 114–15, 116–19; on Viracocha myth, 210–12

Cultural brokers, 5–6

Curas doctrineros, 19, 60, 134; criticism of, 121, 122–23; Cuevas Herrera as, 38, 40–41

Curi, Juan, 37

Cusco, 15, 19, 60, 79; Colegio de Caciques in, 16–17; rebellions in, 2, 20, 65, 222

Cuycapusca, Christobal, 34

Cuycapusca, Pedro, 34

Demographics, 51–52, 53(n16), 54(n42)

Discrimination, 77, 107–8, 124–25, 151–52, 165–66

“Discurso y reflexiones politicos sobre el estado presente de los reinos del Perú” (Juan and Ulloa), 140–41, 149(n96)

Divine will: politics of, 210–15; Viracocha myth and, 210–12

Dominicans, 8, 95, 98, 167

Dominium rights, 99–101

Donados, 168, 190–91(n53)

Drake, Francis, 29(n63)

Duns Scotus philosophy, 98

Economy, Andean participation in, 179–80

Education, 43; of Andeans, 15–17, 27(n48), 28(n53), 29(n62), 138, 152, 172–75, 192(n79); autonomy, 62, 86(n22); impacts of, 19–20; and rebellion, 18–19; and resistance, 17–18

El Cercado, 15, 16, 51, 67, 88(n49), 116, 161; cabildos, 87(n31), 88(n49), 89(n52), 206, 207

Elites, 20, 21, 46, 181, 184, 194(n109); Andean, 5, 7, 13, 151–52; on Catholic Church, 130–31; education of, 27(n48), 28(n53); identity formation of, 196–97; and Indian nation, 225–26; as nobles, 203–4; in priesthood, 158–62, 187, 191(nn57, 60); privilege of, 153–58, 188(n8); social networks of, 234–35; social status of, 152–53; and written texts, 8, 24(n10). See also Kurakas; Nobility

Encomienda system, 98; opposition to, 8, 26(nn26, 35), 32, 101, 193(n87)

Entitlement, to lordships, 106

Epidemics, 33, 53(n16)

Equality, 46, 180, 186

Escobar, Isidro, 224

“Estado de Perú” (Sahuaraura Tito Atauche), 7, 81

Estenssoro Fuchs, Juan Carlos, 154, 159, 171, 189(n23), 219

Ethnicity, 2, 5; defining, 7, 162; identity formation and, 196–97; in Lima, 195–96; power relationships and, 239–40; self-assertion of, 185–86

Evangelization, 99, 103, 122, 125, 134; Cuevas Herrera on, 41, 42, 121, 202; escape from, 40–41

Exploitation, 33, 53–54(n26)

Extirpation campaigns, 38, 40, 122, 146(nn32, 43), 162

Falcón, Francisco, 101–2, 127; “Representación de los daños y molestias que se hacen a los Indios,” 101

Ferdinand VI, 70, 87(n26), 183, 206

Fernández Guarache, Gabriel, 36, 37, 49, 53(n12), 81

Flores Guainamallque, Rodrigo, 18

Flores Galindo, Alberto, 219

Franciscans, 13, 15, 42, 86(n20), 89(n58), 125, 167; Fray Calixto as, 65–66, 77–78; and Jerónimo Lorenzo Limaylla, 48, 49; rebellions and, 138–39

Freedoms, 216; personal and communal, 179–80

Gamarra, Francisco, 18

García-Bedoya, Carlos, 14

García Pumacahua, Mateo, 19, 29(n69)

Garcilaso de la Vega, Inca, 1, 80, 82, 86(n18), 103, 143, 228(n20), 229(nn42); Comentarios reales de los Incas, 9, 17, 101, 161, 212, 213, 229(nn44, 45), 240

Garrett, David, 169

Garro, Antonio, 66, 67, 71, 77; possible author of “Planctus indorum,” 68, 73, 88(n46); “Representación verdadera,” 89(n51)

Gender hierarchy, 180

Genealogical Fictions (Martínez), 160

Gentes de razón, Andeans as, 96

Gentilismo, 162–64

Gil Muñoz, Josê, 66, 67, 138

Ginés de Sepúlveda, Juan, on dominium rights, 100–101

Gose, Peter, 211, 229(n39)

Great Rebellion. See Túpac Amaru Rebellion

Gregorio XIII, Pope, 88(n49), 158, 167, 169

Guacho, 116

Guacra Paucar, Felipe, 25(n25), 42

Guacra Paucar, Francisco, 25(n25), 42

Guamán, Martín, 74, 86(n23)

Guamán Malque de Ayala, 104

Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe, 1, 9, 15, 17–18, 29(n62), 80, 82, 95, 102, 109, 113, 114, 143, 144(n3), 146–47(nn34, 44, 45), 193(n87), 205, 228(n20); El Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, 33, 46, 103–4, 126, 127, 177, 207–8

Guaynapiric, Juan, 134

Habsburg rule, 9, 61, 152, 175, 221, 234, 238

Hallicalla, Bartolomé Topa, 49, 56–57(n68), 81; social activism of, 36–37

Holy Office Tribunal, 51

Huayna Capac, 38

Huanca, 199

Huancavelica, 20, 33, 46, 49, 116; mita labor in, 34–35, 42, 127

Huarochirí province, 8, 66, 87–88(nn35, 36), 97, 116, 122, 148(n83), 171, 235; extirpation campaigns in, 38, 40; rebellion in, 71, 76, 77, 81, 84(n8), 87–88(n35), 90(n63), 91(n78), 148(n83), 157

Huascar, 38, 103–4

Identity: Andean, 4, 17–18, 22–23, 155, 162, 175, 227; Christian, 207–10, 217–20, 237–38; of colonizers, 205–7; as Indian nation, 225–26; religious, 215–17

Identity formation, 155, 195, 228(n20), 235; Christianity and, 22–23, 159; of colonizers, 205–7; of nobility, 196–202

Idolaters, 16; Andeans as, 162–63

Idolatry, 28(n50); accusations of, 18, 96–97; extirpation of, 32, 120, 122, 146(nn32, 43), 162

Illiteracy, 172–73

Inca, 2, 5, 8, 17, 29(n61), 104, 128, 147(n61), 169, 211, 236; biblical comparisons to, 224–25; nationalism, 75, 193(n84), 235; nobility, 66, 67, 135–36, 175; utopian ideology of, 60–61, 80, 219

Inca Empire, and Roman Empire, 163–64

Independence movement, 75

Indian nation, 5, 6, 7, 225–26

Indians, 2, 5, 7, 22, 51, 61, 184, 234; education of, 172–75; exploitation of, 33, 53–54(n26); identity as, 225–26; identity formation, 197–201; and mestizos, 6, 77; as missionaries, 164–65; as nation, 201–2; priesthood for, 160–62, 166–67, 237–38; rebellion and, 176–77; subordination of, 202–4

Indios ladinos, 5–6, 24(n15), 29(n63), 82; social status of, 218–20

Indios naturales, as subordinate, 202–4

Indoctrination, 138

Inés de Jesús María, 200

Inga Yupanqui, 86(n18)

Ingoli, Francesco, 167, 170, 172

Inquisitional Tribunal, 154, 189(n23), 217, 229(n57)

Instruccion, 155, 156

Insurrections, 80, 88(n49), 90(n63), 91(n78); conspiracies for, 49–50, 56–57(nn66, 68), 76; kurakas and, 26(n37), 29(n67), 49–50; Santos Atahualpa and, 77, 78

Intellectuals, 26(n30); Andean, 10–11, 20, 22, 25(n23); as idolaters, 162–63

Iturrizarra, Bernardo, 36, 146(n30)

Izaguirre, Bernardino de, 29(n67)

Jauja Province, 20, 42, 49, 55(n46), 82; kurakas from, 25(n25), 66; writings from, 137–38

Jáuregui y Aldecoa, Viceroy Agustín de, 176

Jeremiah, 70, 76, 114, 242–43

Jesuits, 19, 29(n61), 41, 48, 60, 67, 89(n58), 98, 134; education by, 15, 17, 28(nn53, 54); extirpation campaigns of, 38, 40; and justice, 121–22; Neo-Scholasticism of, 95, 96

Jesús de Machaca, 36

Jiménez de Cisneros Sahuaraura, Nicolás, 91(n82)

Jiménez de Cisneros Sahuaraura Tito Atauche, Leandro, 191(n60)

Jiménez de Cisneros Sahuaraura Tito Atauche, Rafael José, 191(n60)

Jiménez Inga, Francisco, 76

Jordán, Francisco, 74, 86(n23)

Juan y Santacilia, Jorge, 142; “Discurso y reflexiones politicos sobre el estado presente de los reinos del Perú,” 140–41, 149(n96)

Judicial system, 61, 117, 145(nn14, 15), 181–82

Justice, 11, 14, 83, 94, 95, 101, 176, 184, 187; calls for, 107, 123, 193(n94); colonial, 143–44; divine, 214–15, 222–23; Jesuits and, 121–22; Túpac Amaru II and, 79–80

Justice system, colonial, 11, 21, 75–76, 98, 116

Just titles, 97, 101–2, 111(n27)

Katari, Tomás, 2

Kingship, 118, 199; authority and power of, 94–95; as social compact, 156–57

Kingdom, function of, 156–57

Kurakas, 8, 15, 16, 19, 20, 25(n25), 26(n35), 29(n63), 66, 86(n24), 134, 153, 234; identity formation, 199–200, 204; insurrection conspiracies, 49–50; insurrections, 26(n37), 29(n67); legal and social activism of, 32–38; Mantaro Valley, 42–43; opposition to, 116–17; priesthood, 158, 167. See also Elites; Nobility

Labor, 48, 60. See also Mita

Ladrón de Guevara, Diego, 158

Laicacota uprising, 36

Lambayeque, 35, 62

“Lamentations,” 70

Land, 242; ownership of, 215–16; restitution of, 32, 33, 154; Spanish expropriation of, 102, 132–33, 148(n66)

Langasica, 116

La Paz, 2, 20, 111(n38), 216, 222

Larua, Pedro, 36, 214, 215

Law, civil and natural, 95, 97

Laws of Burgos, on education, 27(n48)

Lay priests, 168

Legal activism: of Andean nobles, 153–58, 238; Vicente Morachimo’s, 62–65; against mita, 32–28; “Representación verdadera,” 68, 70

Legal campaigns, Andean. See Legal activism

Legal system, 60, 80, 83, 89(n53), 96, 117, 123; Morachimo’s “Manifesto,” 63, 65, 85(n13); proposed reforms, 178–79

Legitimacy, 94, 101; of Spanish rule, 96, 98–103, 104

Lemos, Viceroy Conde de, 34, 37

León, Cristobal de, 17–18

León Pinelo, Diego de, 28(n50), 56(n60), 133–34, 146(n30)

Lettered city. See ciudad letrada

Liberation theology, 242–43

Lienhard, Martin, 14–15, 27(n43), 84(n4), 88(n37)

Lima, 15, 16, 30(n73), 33, 36, 51, 62, 66, 116, 122, 229(n57); assassination attempts, 71, 73; ethnic groups in, 195–96; rebellion in, 20, 235

Lima Cathedral, 51

Lima Compañía de Naturales, 49

Lima Indian Battalion, 200

Limaylla, Carlos, 26(n27)

Limaylla, Jerónimo Lorenzo, 13, 15, 17, 26(n27), 42, 55–56(nn50, 51), 74, 79, 80, 81, 82, 97, 104, 107, 109, 127, 136, 137, 138, 143, 148(n70), 171, 199, 203, 240; and Luringuanca kurakazgo, 43, 54(n42); “Memorial Dado a la Majestad del Sr. Don Carlos II,” 6, 12, 34, 44(fig.), 47, 198, 201; petitions by, 55(nn45, 46), 186, 188(n3), 193(n82); “Representación hecha al Sr. Rey Dn. Carlos Segundo,” 6, 12, 34, 45(fig.), 46, 47, 50, 105–6, 108, 134; resistance of, 48–49, 50

Limaylla, Jerónimo Valentin, 43

Limaylla family, 25(n25), 42–43

Limeño Council of the Church, 101

Literacy, 17–18, 27(n48)

Litigation, 18, 43, 74, 117; for land and privilege, 154–58

Loayza, Francisco, 74

Loayza, Jerónimo de, 193(n87)

Lobo, Diego, 49

Lordship, 106, 116

Louis I, 158

Loyola, Martin de, 29(n61)

Loyola, Ñusta Beatriz, 29(n61)

Loyalty, of nobility, 201, 206

Luringuanca, 6, 25(n25), 43, 47, 54(n42)

Machiavellianism, of Spanish rule, 107–9

Madre de Dios, Juan de la, 37

Magdalena de Jesús, Sister, 200

Mañay, 2, 107

Mangoguala Limaylla, Bernardino, 17, 43, 47, 55(n51)

“Manifiesto de agravios y vejaciones” (Morachimo), 6–7, 63, 64(fig.), 85(n13), 117, 141, 144(n10)

“Manifiesto de Oruro,” 76–77, 85–86(n16), 135–37, 148(n83)

Mantaro Valley, 199; kurakas in, 42–43, 49

Mantilla, Felipe de, 67

Mariaca, Francisco, 191(n57)

Mariana, Juan de, 96

Marqués de Mancera, Viceroy, 35, 36

Martínez, María Elena, 151, 189(n24); Genealogical Fictions, 160

Martinez Compañón, Baltazar, 27(n40), 192(n79)

Mataguasi, 49; clerical writings from, 137–38

Matienzo, Juan de, 25(n24)

Mayta Capac Tito Atauche, Joséph, 37, 55(n46)

“Memorial Dado a la Majestad del Sr. Don Carlos II” (Limaylla), 6, 12, 34, 47, 198, 201

“Memorial de Charcas,” 33, 34, 43, 52–53(n6)

Memoriales, 6, 9, 12, 27(n41), 51, 82, 87(n26), 189(nn15, 16); on Andean privileges, 154– 58; authorship of, 47–48, 55–56(nn50, 51), 74; by Cuevas Herrera, 38–41; against mita, 32–38; submission of, 186–87

Mendieta, Jerónimo de, 48, 100, 103

Mendoza, Bartolomé, 49, 50

Mendoza, Fernando de, 38

Meneses, Pedro de, 35, 36

Mentorships, Franciscan, 15, 48

Messianism, Inca, 219

Mestizos, 6, 24(n15), 77, 234, 239; as missionaries, 164–65; priesthood for, 160–62, 166–67, 188(n3), 237–38; social privileges for, 153–58, 188(n8); writings and leadership of, 50–51

Michaca, Francisco de, 53(n12)

Military, 154, 199, 200

Millennialism, 100–101

Mills, Kenneth, 120–21; on religiosity, 208, 211

Mining, 20; complaints against, 36–37, 147(n49); exploitation of Indians, 33, 41, 46, 147(n64); mita labor in, 34–35, 127–30

Missionaries, missions, 125, 140, 146(nn32, 33); Charcas province, 41–42, 67; Franciscan, 66, 67, 86(n20), 138–39; Indians and mestizos as, 164–65; and rebellions, 77–78

Mita, 2, 9, 42, 52–53(n6), 63, 114, 178; opposition to, 32–38, 55(n46), 65, 82, 180; in Potosí, 48, 127–30, 132, 147(n64)

Molina, Pedro Juan de, 86(n21)

Monarchy, 94–95, 118, 156–57, 199

Monterosso y Alvarado, Gabriel, Práctica Civil y Criminal e Instrucción de Escribanos, 18

“Monterosso, the.” See Práctica Civil y Criminal e Instrucción de Escribanos

Montes, Joseph Antonio, 191(n57)

Montes, Pedro, 65

Montesinos, Antonio, 99

Moquegua, 49

Morachimo, Vicente, 61, 74, 83, 143, 158, 171, 193(n82); on corregidores and repartos, 115, 116, 117–18; critique of Catholic Church, 122–23, 125–26; as legal representative, 62–63, 65; “Manifiesto de agravios y vejaciones,” 6–7, 63, 64(fig.), 85(n13), 117, 141, 144(n10)

Morcillo Rubio de Auñón, Diego, 62, 158

Moscoso y Peralta, Juan Manuel, 7, 19, 81, 90(n75), 192(n71), 222

Nationalism: Inca, 75, 193(n84), 235; Indian, 201–2

Natural law, 95, 97, 103, 104

Natural rights, 21, 96, 111(n38); self-government as, 105–9

Neophytism, 163, 166, 168, 171; deconstruction of, 154, 160–61, 163

Neo-Scholasticism, 81, 89(n58), 95–96, 97–98, 109, 136, 222

New Granada, 20

New Laws (1542), 101

Nicolás de Dios (Nicolás Ayllón), 50, 154, 189(n23), 200, 201, 229(n57)

Nieto de Vargas, Pedro, 181

Nina, Cristóbal, 36, 111(n38), 214, 215

Ninagualpa, Jacinto, 55(n46)

Nina Lingon, Francisco, 37

Nobility, 29(n61), 186, 189(n15), 203, 206, 207; Andean, 25–26(n25), 6, 61, 82; constructing, 196–202; creole alliance with, 135–36; Inca, 29(n61), 66, 67, 135–36, 175; negotiation of, 43, 46; priesthood and, 158–62, 187, 191(nn57, 60); social and religious privileges, 153–58, 188(nn3, 8). See also Elites; Kurakas

Noyo Chumbi, Nicolás, 37

Núñez Vela de Rivera, Juan, 6, 57(n74), 74, 82, 143, 146(n35), 160, 171, 188(n8), 190(n43), 193(n82), 201, 217, 237, 239; lobbying by, 153–58; writings and leadership of, 50–51

Nunneries, 170

Nuper ad Nos, 167

Obrajes, 53–54(n26)

O’Phelan, Scarlett, 169, 191(n57)

Oral tradition, 7–8, 47, 241, 242

Orcoguaranca (Paucartambo), Juan de Dios, 91(n78)

Ordoñez, Juan, 49

Oruro “Manifiesto,” 76–77, 85–86(n16), 135–37, 148(n83)

Oruro rebellion, 4, 80, 82(n2), 85(n16), 235

Ortega Lluncón, Andrés de, 35

Ortiz, Fernando, 93

Osorio, F. Eduardo, 170–71

Pacajes Province, 36, 37

Pachacamac, 104, 213

Pachacamac Valley, 200

Pachacnina, Eugenio, 135–36

Pachacuti, 43, 86(n18)

Pachacuti Inga Yupanqui, 91(n82)

Pachacuti Yamki Salcamaigua, Juan de Santacruz, 1, 82

Padilla, Juan de, 41, 55(n46), 56(n60), 146(n30), 147(n64); “Parecer,” 132–34, 141, 147(n62), 162

Pageantry, 206

Palacios, Juan de, 27(n41)

Papal bulls, 88(n49), 167; on Spanish rule, 98–100

“Parecer” (Padilla), 132–33, 141, 147(n62); response to, 133–34, 162

Paraceres, 147(n62)

Pariona, Cristóbal, 18

Pastoral writings, 13

Patiño, Francisco, 19

Paulli Chumbi Saba Capac Yupanqui Inga, Jerónimo, 199

Paullu, Cristobal, 38

Peña Montenegro, Alonso de la, 168

Perote, 29(n67)

Philip II, King, 27(n48)

Philip III, 129, 177

Philip IV, 162; audiencias with, 34–35, 37

Philip V, 63, 158, 167

Picho, Juan, 18

Pilco Guaraz, Francisco, 37

Piura, 116, 122

Pizarro, Francisco, 18, 103, 199

“Planctus indorum” (Garro?), 7, 68, 72(fig.), 73, 87–88(nn35, 36, 46), 90(n68), 169

Political activism, 78–79, 194(n109)

Political culture, 4–5, 31–32, 225

Political Indiana (Solórzano), 18, 74

Politics, 2, 4, 206, 236; Catholic Church, 237–38; education and, 172–73; of reform, 177–86; of religion, 210–14, 242–43

Poma Chagua, Gómez, 18

Population, declines in, 51–52, 53(n16), 54(n42)

Portalanza, Jerónimo de, 181

Portalanza, Juan de, 182

Postcolonial studies, 24(n11),

Potosí, 20, 30(n72), 116; miners in, 41, 46, 147(nn49, 64); mita in, 48, 127–29, 132, 178

Power: Andean, 102, 236; ethnicity and, 239– 40; of king, 94–95; priesthood, 159–60

Powers, Karen, 195

Práctica Civil y Criminal e Instrucción de Escribanos (Monterroso y Alvarado), 18

Prien, Hans-Jürgen, 169

Priests, priesthood, 60, 180; Andean participation in, 158–62, 164–65, 166–72, 187, 188(n3), 191–92(nn57, 58, 60), 217, 228(n29), 237–38; native, 26(n30), 38, 40

Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, El (Guamán Poma de Alaya), 33, 46, 103, 126, 127, 177, 207–8

Privilege, 196, 237; for Andean nobles, 153–58, 198

Probanzas de méritos, 9

Probanzas de nobleza, 25–26(n25)

Procuradores de naturales, 85(n11), 181, 194(n100)

Procuradores de indios, 26(n30), 85(n11)

Property rights, 96, 99, 100, 103

Protectores de naturales, 26(n30), 181–82

Puente Luna, José Carlos de la, 47, 55(n51)

Pumacahua, Mateo, 191–92(n60)

Pumacahua lineage, 169

Punishment, divine, 214–15, 222

Pureza de sangre. See Purity of blood

Purity of blood (pureza de sangre), 50, 51, 57(nn72, 73), 189(n24), 218; for Andeans, 154, 155–56, 225; and religious orders, 167–68; and social status, 151, 152, 160–61

Quillabamba Valley, 66, 78, 86(n20), 90(n69)

Quipulivia, Juan Ignacio, 85(n10)

Quipus, 26(n37)

Quispe, Juan, 36, 111(n38), 214, 215

Quispe Nina, Sebastián, 18

Quito province, 20

Racial stereotypes, 206

Rama, Angel, on ciudad letrada, 3, 10, 141–42, 239

Ramos Atauche, Ascencio, 91(n82)

Ramos Atauche, José, 91(n82)

Ramos Tito Atauche, Fernando, 191–92(n60)

Real cédula, 27(n48), 51, 63, 157, 188(n12), 189(n18), 193(n14), 217

Rebellions, 2, 11, 20, 29(n67), 30(nn72, 73), 36, 49, 56–57(nn66, 68), 65, 66, 71, 76, 81, 84(n2), 90(n69), 133, 136, 137, 157, 176, 230(n67), 235; Christianity and, 221–25; education and, 18–20; and Franciscan missions, 138–39; Inca, 75, 147(n61); late eighteenth-century, 78–79; leaders of, 74, 80; plans for, 77, 85–86(n16); against reparto, 118–19; Thomas Aquinas on, 94–95

Reciprocity, 2, 14, 107, 157, 184–85, 207, 225

Reducciones, 25(n24)

Religion, 100, 151, 160, 185, 189(n23), 242; colonial Andean, 208–14; and identity, 215–17, 237–38; and justice, 214–15; and politics, 242–43; and rebellion, 221–25. See also Catholic Church, Catholicism; Christianity

Religiosity, and identity, 207–10, 225–27

Religious orders, 190–91(nn53, 57); pureza de sangre, 167–68. See also various orders

Repartimiento de comercio (mercancías, or Repartos), 6, 9, 20, 35, 42, 60, 63, 65, 75–76, 83, 97–98, 115, 117, 118–119, 157, 180, 182; impacts of, 59–60

“Representación de los daños y molestias que se hacen a los Indios” (Falcón), 101

Representaciones, 9, 12, 88(n49)

“Representación hecha al Sr. Rey Dn. Carlos Segundo” (Limaylla), 6, 12, 34, 45(fig.), 46, 47, 50, 105, 134; on Machiavellian rule, 107–9

“Representación verdadera,” 7, 12, 46, 66, 67, 69(fig.), 87(n33), 90(n68), 97, 105, 118, 138, 139–40, 163, 169, 178, 181, 204, 205, 217, 242; on Andean religion, 212–14; authorship of, 73–74, 83, 87–88(n35), 89(n51); criticisms in, 68, 70–71; criticism of church in, 123–24; on education, 172–75; format of, 139–40; on gentilismo, 163–64; impacts of, 74–78; Indian nationalism, 201–2; on priesthood participation, 158–59, 160–62; and rebellions, 88(n49), 90(n69), 148(n83); reforms proposed by, 182–83, 187; style of, 70–71

“Requerimiento,” 103

Resistance, 2, 27–28(n49), 83; education and, 17–18; of Jerónimo Lorenzo Limaylla, 48–50; in memoriales, 46–48

Rights, 94; Andean, 96, 179–81; dominium, 99–101

Ríos, Juan de los, 18

Rodríguez Pilco, Francisco, 37

Roman Empire, comparisons to, 163–64

Rowe, John, 75, 86(n20), 193(n84), 219

Ruiz Túpac Amaru Inca, Joseph Santiago, 181, 182, 194(n100)

Rulership, origins and authority of, 105–6

Rupaychagua, Rodrigo, 18, 55(n45)

Saba Capac Inga Yupanki, Francisco, 85(n10), 158, 199

Sahuaraura, Leandro, 191–92(n60)

Sahuaraura, Pedro Justo, 191–92(n60)

Sahuaraura lineage, 169

Sahuaraura Tito Atauche, José Rafael, 7, 19, 91(n82), 190(n43), 191–92(nn60, 71); “Estado del Perú,” 81

Sahuaraura Tito Atauche, Sixto, 191(n60)

Sahagún, Bernardino de, 131, 243

Salinas y Córdoba, Buenaventura de, 48, 55(n46), 137

San Antonio, Francisco de, 200

San Antonio, Juan de, 66, 86(n23), 138, 139

Saña Province, 83

San Borja school. See Colegio de Caciques San Francisco de Borja

Sánchez Macario, Diego, 35

Santabangori, 29(n67)

Santa Rosa de Ocopa, 19

Santiago del Cercado, 66

Santiesteban, Viceroy Conde de, 146(n30)

Santos, Pedro, 76, 111(n38)

Santos Atahualpa, Juan, 15, 17, 19, 20, 29(nn66, 67), 86(n20), 90(n69), 98, 240; insurrection by, 66, 77, 78, 80, 90(n75), 138, 164

Santo Tomás, Domingo de, 98, 101, 243; opposition to encomienda, 8, 26(nn26, 35)

Sariola, Sakari, 158–59

Scholarship, 1, 89(n52), 233–34; Andean, 31, 102–3; Cuevas Herrera’s, 41–42, politics of, 4, 10–11; role of 187–88; trans-culturation in, 109–10

Scholasticism, 98, 109, 156–57; Thomist, 95, 96, 97. See also Neo-Scholasticism

Schools, 27(n48), 86(n22), 174; Andean inclusion in, 154, 192(n79); role of, 15–16

Self-rule, self-governance, 46, 94, 174; as natural right, 105–9, 111(n38)

Seminaries, 15–16, 27(n48), 191(n58)

Señorios (lordship), 96, 103, 106

Serrano, Pedro, 90(n73)

Service, 201–2

Siabar, 29(n67)

Siete Partidas, 89(n53)

Sisa, Bartolina, 80

Slavery, 32, 129

Social activism, 33, 36–37, 82–83, 241. See also Legal activism

Social justice, 9, 11, 27(n38), 48, 119, 125, 142; under colonialism, 68, 70, 144; liberation theology as, 242–43; in “Representación verdadera,” 68, 70, 87(n33)

Social mobility, 155

Social networks, 9, 14, 61, 67, 82, 89(n52), 234–35; Andean, 33, 36–38; trans-Atlantic, 35–36, 37, 49, 59, 62–63, 66–67

Social status, 151; priesthood and, 159–60; of women, 124–25, 146(n34); writing and, 152–53

Solís Quivimasa, Antonio, 191(n60)

Solís Quivimasa, Pedro, 191(n60)

Solórzano, Juan de, 102; Political Indiana, 18, 74

Soriano, Manuel, 181

Soto, Domingo de, 96

Sovereignty, Spanish, 98, 99

Spain, 167; discriminatory rule of, 107–9, 151–52; legitimacy of rule, 96, 98–103, 104

Spaniards, 103, 218; as the “other,” 205–7

Suárez, Francisco, 48, 96, 97, 98

Subalternity, 204

Superunda, Viceroy Conde de, 60, 67, 71, 76, 90(n69), 183

Surichac, Miguel, 76

Synchi Roca, 104, 155

Syncretism, of Andean Christianity, 208–9

Szemiński, Jan, 219

Tacuri Mena, Felipe, 67, 86(n22), 87(n27), 174

Taki Onkoy, 27–28(n49)

Tarma, 15, 66, 77–78

Texts: Andean production of, 7–11; orality of, 7–8

Theology, 98; liberation, 242–43. See also Neo-Scholasticism; Scholasticism

Thesaurus indicum (Avendaño), 48

Thomas Aquinas, 94–95

Thomism, 95, 96, 97

Tito Atauche lineage, 169

Titu Cusi Yupanqui, 1, 82

Toledan reforms, 3, 6, 8, 25(n24), 31, 48, 102, 109, 196, 233; impacts of, 51–52; in Mantaro Valley, 42–43; opposition to, 32–38, 82

Toledo, Francisco de, 32, 33; on education, 16, 27(n48), 28(n53)

Torres, Cayetano, 224

Trans-Atlantic travelers, 35–36, 37, 49, 50, 62–63, 66–67

Trans-culturation, 93–94, 142, 157; of scholarship, 109–10

Tribute, 52–53(n6), 60, 182, 184–85, 236

Trujillo Province, 49, 83, 116, 122

Túpac Amaru, Diego Cristóbal, 119, 176, 177, 184, 224–25

Túpac Amaru Rebellion, 7, 19, 25–26(n25), 75, 90(n72), 152, 157, 169, 171–72, 176, 177, 184, 185, 191(n60), 230(n71); biblical imagery used in, 224–25; Catholicism and, 222–24; condemnation of, 81, 192(n71); leaders of, 2, 119

Túpac Amaru II (José Gabriel Condorcanqui), 15, 17, 19, 29(n66), 61, 83, 97, 98, 119, 136, 143, 176, 219, 221, 236, 242–43; on Catholicism and rebellion, 222–24, 230(n68); decrees of, 80–81; “Estado del Perú,” 7; leadership of, 79–80; rebellions, 2, 77–78, 90(n75), 177, 223

Túpac Inca, Calixto de San José, 9, 13, 15, 61, 76, 83, 86(n23), 87(n31), 90(n69), 95, 96, 136, 141, 143, 163, 171, 177, 179, 184, 190(n43), 193(nn82, 94), 203, 214, 218, 220, 236, 237, 239; on Andean missionaries, 164–65; on corregidores, 117–18; criticism of church, 123–24, 126; on discrimination, 107–8; on education, 172–75; as Franciscan missionary, 65–68; on priesthood, 158–59, 160–62, 168, 169; “Representación verdadera,” 7, 12, 46, 67, 68–71, 73–74, 75, 87(n33), 88(n49), 89(n51), 138, 139–40, 158–59, 160–62, 169, 201–2, 205; as representative, 86(n23), 87(n35)

Túpac Inca, Dominga Estefanía, 65

Túpac Inga Yupanqui, 65

Túpac Katari, Julián Apasa, 2, 78, 80, 224

Tutelage, 100, 181

Tyranny, 21, 100; Franciscan mission, 138–39

Ucho Inga Tito Yupanqui, Juan, 200, 201

Uchu Inga lineage, 84(n8)

Ulloa, Antonio de, 65, 142; “Discurso y reflexiones politicos sobre el estado presente de los reinos del Perú,” 140–41, 149(n96)

Ulloa, Juan Jorge, 65

University of San Marcos (Lima), 19, 98

Uprisings. See Rebellions

Utopianism, 235, 236–37; Christian, 220–21; Inca, 60–61, 80, 219

Uychu, Pedro, 53(n12)

Valenzuela, Francisco, 146(n30)

Valera, Jerónimo, 98

Vásquez de Velazco, Pedro, 36

Vega, Santiago de la, 74, 86(n23)

Velasco de Gamboa, Fernando, 56(n66)

Vélez de Córdoba, Juan, 56(n60), 65, 76, 80, 85–86(n16), 205, 219, 236; and Eugenio Pachacnina, 135–36

Vilcabamba, 211

Villagómez, Pedro de, 122, 134, 162

Villanueva, Conde de, 181

Viracocha, 43, 229(n39), 230(n71); Cuevas Herrera’s reformulation of, 210–12

Virgin of Copacabana, 185

Visitadores de idolatrías, 122, 146(nn32, 43)

Vitoria, Francisco de, 48, 96, 98, 101, 105; on papal authority, 99–100

Walker, Charles, 200

War, 100; rebellion as just, 222–23

Women, 146–47(n45), 180, 242; status of, 124–25, 146(n34), 203

Writing, 12, 89(n53); collective authorship of, 13–14, 27(n40), 47–48, 55(n50), 83, 89(n51); elites and, 24(n10), 152–53; mestizo, 50–51; political culture of, 4–5, 31–32

Xulca Poma, Bartolomé, 37

Yamke, Cristóbal, 55(n46)

Yguarhuacas, 43

Yanamisa, Juan de, 34

Zevallos, Francisco, 84(n8), 87–88(n35)

Zevallos, Nicholas, 191(n57)

Zurbano, Alonso, 49, 138

Previous
All rights reserved.
Powered by Manifold Scholarship. Learn more at manifoldapp.org