Index
accountability, 170, 171; anonymity and, 22; anxiety over, 269
activities, 73; cultural, 64; mediated, 259; profit-making, 249, 250; social, 5, 97
actor-network theory, 191, 299n11
advertisements, 115, 229–30, 231, 243, 247, 250; lifetime views and, 283n4; overlay, 227; placing, 232; revenue sharing with, 234; video, 85
aesthetics, 97, 148, 183, 197, 198, 225, 237, 247, 264, 274, 281, 282; creative, 212; participatory, 65; vernacular, 263
Affleck, Ben, 58
Affleck, Violet, 58
AKT Enterprises, 238
algorithms, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 197, 199, 202, 234, 247, 249, 250, 251, 259; automated, 183; demands of, 228; viewing, 28–29
alters: connections through, 28; digital, 208; posthuman, 29, 212; violative, 194–97; YOUTUBE, 222, 223, 224
Althusser, Louis, 296n46
Amazon.com, 300n33
American Anthropological Association, 277
Anaheim Convention Center, 81, 238
anakin1814, 39–40, 42, 78, 96; media of, 221; posting by, 77
analysis, 3, 7, 10, 12, 65, 70, 149, 150, 154, 167; anthropological, 274, 281; discourse-based, 159; rhythm, 8, 9, 108, 270; temporal, 135
Anderson, Benedict, 164, 282; analysis of, 154, 167; on communities, 153, 281; community and, 152
Anderson, Chris, 41
Andren, Eric, 127
Angelcheeks Foundation, 136
anonymity, 28, 145, 147, 255, 269, 286n74; accountability and, 22; discourse and, 169–74; importance of, 21–23; obsession with, 174; partial, 174; relative, 23; unmasking, 169–74
anthropological concepts, 4, 7, 12, 29, 30, 150, 255, 280
anthropological record, 16, 117, 129, 140, 143, 144, 145, 147, 152, 183, 255
anthropological studies, 16, 116, 188
anthropology, 12, 28, 30, 33, 63, 74, 107, 108, 144, 145, 153, 165, 192; cultural, 281; cyborg, 7; digital, 11, 277; linguistic, 281; Malinowskian tradition of, 158; public, 147, 173; reconsiderations of, 152; shared, 179; traditional, 273; visual, 11, 168, 179, 275, 276, 279, 280–81
Anthropology Video Blog, 12
AnthroVlog, 12, 13, 34, 35, 109–11, 130, 140, 144, 147, 198, 217; Bulletin, 110; comments on, 118
anxiety, 23, 28, 117, 201, 207, 269, 279; algorithmic, 197–200; temporal, 272
Appadurai, Arjun, 77, 78, 302n96
arrhythmias, 9, 129, 146, 166–68, 206, 228, 230, 232, 235, 240, 250, 251, 252, 270, 271, 272; participatory, 248, 249; social, 246
As One, 84
Ask a Ninja DVD, 12
Askanius, Tina, 166
Association of Internet Researchers, 302n81
attention economy, 60, 113, 114
audiences, 176, 188, 228, 249; mass, 39, 115, 129
augmentation, 195; advantageous, 196; asymmetrical, 199–200
Basilio, Ryan, 246; death of, 210–12, 214, 245
Bear, Greg, 194
Becker, Howard S., 238
Behar, Ruth, 63
behavior, 11, 75, 113, 125, 166, 172, 221, 239, 256, 268; acceptable, 281; antisocial, 10; interaction on, 294n49; monitoring, 269, 278; narcissistic, 24; online/offline, 20, 21, 99; problematic, 157, 169, 196; quid pro quo, 127; self-centered, 132; social, 99; video-blogging, 62
Beverly Hills City Council, 245
Beyond Viral: How to Attract Customers, Promote Your Brand, and Make Money with Online Video (Nalty), 115, 248
Biella, Peter, 179
binaries, 20, 53, 97, 99, 269; Cartesian, 254; formulation of, 270; online-offline, 70, 77, 96, 102, 103
Blake, Roberto, 126, 127, 249–50, 251; subscriptions and, 132
blip.tv, 109, 111, 292n8, 302n92
blogging, 39, 72, 169, 173, 177, 233, 237, 288n31, 289n71
bnessel1973, 47, 79, 118, 119–20, 135, 136, 137; gratitude for, 142; video by, 121, 141
Boellstorff, Tom, 10, 150, 196
Bollmer, Grant David, 207
bonds, 85, 102, 183, 205, 223; communal, 108; continuing, 210, 215; interpersonal, 111
boyd, danah, 112, 122, 124, 127, 257
Brian, 118, 121, 142; reciprocity by, 119–20
Brittney, 178–79
BRITTNEYLEESAUNDERS, 178
BroJo Ghost, 53, 54, 55; photo of, 54
Brown, Barry, 113, 133; reciprocity and, 112, 121, 124, 130
CafePress, 115
cameras, 36, 37, 56, 60, 91, 94, 112, 138, 235, 239, 278; being on, 49; body-mounted, 289n71; GoPro, 41, 189n71; high-end, 35; observing through, 57–58, 64; participation and, 61, 64–65; photo of, 276; privacy and, 280; proliferation of, 276; video, 51, 54, 204
celebrities, 23, 96, 289n75; interviews with, 176; orientation toward, 241; YouTube, 5–6, 7, 130, 156, 230, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 248, 257
Center for Disease Control, 136
Chagnon, Napoleon, 179
chat service, 19, 220, 291n21, 302n88
Cherny, Lynn, 75
Chocolate Rain (video), 242
“Chocolate Rain” song, 242, 304n55
Christensen, Dorthe Refslund, 204, 207, 208
“Christmas Truce,” 88
chronotopes, 12, 26, 70, 71, 92–93, 94, 98, 105, 106, 253, 269; commemorative, 91; concept of, 89–90; literary conventions and, 90
civic issues, 12, 22, 162, 174
CNN.com, 211
Coleman, Beth, 20, 195, 286n70, 299n7
Coleman, Wim, 301n46
collaboration, 91, 94, 185, 203, 276, 277, 278, 280; birthday, 136; ethnographic, 277; heartfelt, 134
collective, 184, 281, 282; needs of, 201–2; posthuman, 215, 272
Coming of Age in Second Life (Boellstorff), 10
commenters, 48, 51, 110, 112, 117, 119, 141, 172–73, 180, 246; anonymous, 170; gratitude from, 142; identities of, 174; interactive, 159–60; postings by, 158–68; rating system of, 177
comments, 7, 35, 90, 97, 115, 134, 140, 142, 160–61, 166, 167, 185–86, 200, 261, 264, 266, 271; anonymous, 21; answering, 110; constructive, 169–70, 173; contributing, 38, 193; controversial, 151; corpus of, 173; cruel, 157; encouraging, 130, 152; expectations for, 174–77; gaming, 248; generic, 125; hater, 157, 177, 263; inappropriate, 175, 176–77; inclusion/exclusion of, 177; mean, 199, 295n8, 297n63; moderating, 151, 176; negative, 177; neutral, 160, 163; popularity of, 122; positive, 170, 175; problematic, 160, 177; public, 13; random sample of, 161, 161 (table); reciprocity and, 110, 117–22; removing, 177, 199; threatening, 169; video, 104–5, 113, 180, 184
commerce, 188, 206, 230–31, 285n54
commercial events, 239, 240, 243, 266, 282
commercialization, 3–4, 10, 16, 17, 85, 233, 238, 240, 246, 252; meaningful, 282; move toward, 256
communication, 10, 19, 97, 112, 166, 167, 199, 230, 251, 280; computer-mediated, 294n49; electronic, 162; mass, 183; political, 169; sociality and, 15; structuring, 61
community, 3, 7, 12, 14, 39, 42, 50, 77, 85, 86, 124, 129, 145–46, 173, 194, 218, 231, 233, 252, 254, 259, 262, 280; achieving, 150, 178, 185; Asian/Asian American, 223; building, 146, 148, 164, 166, 182, 183, 282; concept of, 27, 147, 164, 184, 186, 281; defining, 155, 161, 163–65; digital, 129, 160, 296n46; discussions of, 147, 155, 179, 185; ethos of, 154, 223; formation, 8, 146, 158, 159, 163, 244; imagined, 29, 152, 153, 164, 185, 282; media generations and, 147; mediations on, 177–79; models of, 162; notions of, 27–28, 255; online, 111–12; parameters of, 147; as processual, 182–86; prospects for, 28, 152, 155–58, 160–63, 179; rhetorical aspects of, 165; term, 184, 255; trans YouTube, 223; tropes of, 170
conceptualizations, 25, 105, 188, 189
conflicts, 238; ideological, 272; interpersonal, 197; participatory, 9; processual, 197
connections, 159, 182; internet and, 76; interpersonal, 25, 117; mutual, 108; visual, 36
content: action-worthy, 123; cultural, 146; democratized, 247; extreme forms of, 247; moderating, 234; temporal padding of, 248
contextualization, 229, 230, 275, 279–80, 281
conversations, 50, 175; mediated, 182, 292n54
corporate entities, 66, 164–65, 166, 228, 253, 254
Craig, David, 151, 154, 223, 251, 305n73
creativity, 27, 122, 129, 271, 277
Creator Academy, 235
Crisis Avoided—THANK YOU (video), 139
Crook, Rodney, 163
cultural forms, 17–18, 26, 259, 266
culture, 10, 23, 45, 61, 71, 76, 78, 137, 191, 209, 232, 274; celebrity, 6; defining, 16; employee, 159; multiple, 282; participatory, 29, 33, 36–37, 50, 51, 53, 55, 65, 68, 196; pop, 83; processual view of, 184–85; public, 263; technical, 138; video, 32, 189; video-sharing, 25, 49, 55, 138, 142, 188, 261–81, 270, 271; visual, 56
Cunningham, Stuart, 151, 154, 223, 251, 305n73
Curtis, Sonny, 83
cyberbullying, 79, 199, 300n38
cyborg studies, 191
CyndieRae, 136
Cyworld, 257
DaleATL2, 100–101, 119, 134–36; diversity and, 156
danbergam, 162
data, 187, 195; collecting, 13, 15, 180, 182, 243; creating, 151; digital, 187; ethnographic, 183, 188, 227; friction, 102, 103–4; genres of, 267
Dave & Buster’s, 69
Day, Mark, 109
de Seta, Gabriele, 150, 151, 182
Dean, Jodi, 258
death, 8, 28, 208; cultural rituals of, 207; digital, 204, 205, 206–7
Death Online Research Network, 203, 204
deathstyle, 207, 208, 222, 301n72
Dedman, Jay, 57
Definitive Way to Go Gluten Free (Rignola), 79
DeFranco, Philip, 236
Deleuze, Gilles, 261
demographics, 15, 70, 86, 222, 257, 258
desire, 9, 17, 22, 42, 52, 53, 55, 98, 103, 104, 113, 133, 165, 172, 188, 202, 207, 210, 251, 254, 264, 266, 268; chronotopic chain of, 96, 97, 105, 106; digital, 29; human, 212; posthuman, 209
dialogue, 12, 151, 166, 168, 263, 288n16
diaspora, 76, 152; digital, 302n86
digital media, 9, 11, 14, 20, 51, 76, 101, 204, 265, 275; contexts of, 262; death and, 206–7; reciprocity in, 111–13, 130
Disappearing YouTubers (video), 219
discourse, 28, 31, 79, 255, 257, 259; anonymity and, 21, 169–74; diversionary, 267–69; engaged, 211; narcissistic, 268; networked, 268–69; online, 21, 23; popular, 6, 18; positive, 170; productive, 18; public, 17, 199
Discussion page, 13, 114, 115, 130
Disneyland, 238
disposition, 112, 177; media, 30, 169, 272; mediated, 51, 62
diversity, 60, 86, 87, 148, 156; lack of, 238; vernacular, 66
Down with Robtran (video), 197
Driscoll, Kevin, 222–23, 224, 260
drum circles, 33–34; photo of, 66; video, 65–68
dynamics, 64, 240; community, 148, 185; cultural, 142; emotio-temporal, 119; emplacement, 70, 75–76, 78; force-based, 33; interactive, 16, 253; interpersonal, 4, 97, 109, 144; meet-up, 71–73; posthuman, 197; reciprocity, 140; vernacular, 26
Earle, Leon, 163
ecology, 273, 305n73; interaction, 21; media, 39, 44, 189, 220, 221; mediated, 216; screen, 251
Edgar, Don, 163
Edwards, Paul, 102
Ellison, Nicole, 257
emotion, 48, 101, 201, 216; community and, 155; raw, 209, 210; sociality and, 27
empathy, 30, 36; emphasizing, 262–65
emplacement, 12, 30, 79–83, 84, 257, 290n9; analyzing, 269–70; chronotopic, 90, 92, 106; dynamics of, 70, 74–76, 78; sociality and, 75; video making and, 74
End Screen, 296n56
engagement, 166, 174–75, 225; active, 174, 277; analytical, 159; civic, 175, 268, 275; community, 256; levels of, 150; principal forms of, 159; public, 180; reciprocal, 109; temporal, 271; video, 24
environment: arrhythmic, 252; commercial, 228; digital, 10, 11, 27, 117, 269, 280; discursive, 155; financial, 229; hybrid, 252; media, 266, 267; mediated, 228, 258–59, 269; networked, 264; posthuman, 195; social-commercial, 144; video-sharing, 27; YouTube, 39–40, 234, 237
Ethnografilm, 284n39
ethnography, 11–14, 27, 36, 64, 68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 89, 109, 168, 216, 253, 262, 263; anthropological, 273–74; digital, 10, 147, 150, 158; forms of, 62; internet, 75; role of, 274–81; stakeholder, 158; textual, 281; video, 35, 278; visual, 26, 33, 35, 63, 224, 274, 278, 281
Ethnography and Virtual Worlds (Boellstorff), 150
eurhythmia, 65
exchange, 107; forms of, 129–31; immediate, 134; media, 17, 32, 66
exhibitionism, 43, 46, 48, 60, 62
experience, 3, 6, 27, 30, 73, 85, 95, 106, 153, 189; asymmetrical, 228; authentic, 61; chronotopic chains of, 253; collective, 201; communal, 154; cultural, 273; embodied, 55–56; enlivening, 101; fan, 243, 244; lived, 30, 35; mediated, 56, 60, 70, 270; online-offline, 18, 70; posthuman, 189, 194, 206–7; pure versus inauthentic, 56
Experience: As One Gathering (video), 93
expression, 20, 23, 114; cultural, 16, 17, 18; encouraging, 144; facial, 212; self, 193
Facebook, 5, 29, 99, 176, 204, 205, 211, 214, 216, 219, 221, 222, 234, 257
FanFest, 238
Fellini, Federico, 58
fiction, 88, 153, 189, 191, 192, 199, 263; gay-friendly, 300n33; posthuman, 222
“Filming the filmmakers: Longole,” 279
footage, 12, 26, 57, 93, 94, 101, 113, 116, 117, 119, 150, 209, 213, 267, 278, 279; home mode, 97; inappropriate, 278; interview, 149; meet-up, 4, 27, 82, 84, 98, 104; observational, 35; sharing, 134–38, 142, 280
Fopp, Rodney, 163
Ford, Sam, 182
4 Reasons YOUTUBE RED IS GOING TO FAIL|Rant (video), 230
Francis, Pope, 56
Frank, Ze, 109
fredrika27, 159
frictions, participatory, 99–105
friendships, 15, 23, 41, 110, 152, 228–29, 237, 238, 303n5; connotations of, 253; trajectory of, 103
fungibility: emotional, 71, 99–100, 106, 270; experiential, 101, 102; media, 99, 102; participatory, 99–105, 270; physical, 71, 102, 106
Gambito, Christine, 223
Garner, Jennifer, 58
Gates, Bill, 229
gatherings, 12, 18, 19, 37, 72, 75, 79, 90, 93, 96, 103, 220, 242, 280; activities at, 73; As One, 84; attending, 104; chronotopes of, 92; classic, 304n56; commercial, 81; early, 26; grassroots, 81, 82, 239, 246; large-scale, 69, 73; observations at, 87; private, 115–16; reunions and, 86; YouTube, 86, 91, 105, 106, 218. See also meet-ups
Gauntlett, David, 41
Geertz, Clifford, 179
GeneticBlend, 79, 80, 98, 135, 136
Geraci, Robert M., 285n63
Gharaibeh, Kassem, 236
ghostinvestigator, 167
Ginsburg, Faye, 258–59
Godelier, Maurice, 129
Going, Ben, 95
Google, 111, 171, 198, 236; advertisements and, 232; algorithms of, 247; policy by, 205–6; purchase by, 5; YouTube and, 229
Gotved, Stine, 204, 207, 208, 210, 302n80
Gouldner, Alvin, 113
Granovetter, Mark, 174
grassroots, 71, 235, 240, 241, 245, 246
gratitude, expressing, 138–41, 142
GreasyGuide.com, 176
Guattari, Félix, 261
Hampe, Barry, 35
HappySlip, 223
harassment, 170, 172, 176, 196, 199
hate speech, 28, 176, 199, 234
haters, 8, 21, 28, 42, 156, 157, 159, 160, 170, 173, 177, 195, 196, 198, 199, 201, 202, 211
Hayles, N. Katherine, 194, 202
healing, forms of, 45–48
Hecox, Ian Andrew, 230
Herring, Susan, 169
heteromorphic reciprocity, 114, 130, 137, 140, 255
Hey Watch This! Sharing the Self through Media (video), 12, 51, 101, 206, 233
Higa, Ryan, 223
history, 90, 91, 199; alternative, 260; erasing, 273; media, 39; shared, 71, 94; visual, 279
Hodson, Ryanne, 46, 57, 265, 266
Holmes, Douglas, 158
homeomorphic reciprocity, 114, 130, 144, 255
homogeneity, 155, 164, 184, 281
Hondros, John J., 300n34
Hugs for Jacey Campaign, The (video), 200, 201
Hulu, 229
humanity: death of, 190; future, 209; mediated, 207
Hutchens, Myiah, 169
Huynh, Tony, 219
I hate what youtube has become (video), 233
“Iconophobia” (Taylor), 279
identity, 7, 13, 21, 23, 28, 139, 169, 174, 195; change, 203; collective, 16, 129, 153; common, 163; construction of, 11, 192; digital, 268; ends of, 204; fluid, 191; gender, 199; individual, 188, 189; informational patterns and, 28; interpretations of, 204; Latinx, 241; participatory, 78, 193; performative, 191; perpetrator, 170; posthuman, 192, 203; public, 197, 200; virtual, 22
ideology, 282; media, 56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 68
idioms, 108, 192; mediated, 7, 28, 83, 206; video-blogging, 51, 61, 276, 277
Illuminatta, 98
Image Ethics (Gross, Katz, and Ruby), 279
Image Ethics in the Digital Age (Gross, Katz, and Ruby), 279
images, 60, 191, 199, 277; alternative, 197; awkward, 279; digitized, 20; home mode, 97; maximizing, 35; posting, 275; public, 59; rights to, 279; uncomplimentary, 279; visual, 7
imagination, 5, 184, 251, 252; popular, 18, 117, 153, 185
information, 23, 153, 168, 175, 179, 195, 238; collecting, 181, 182; contact, 206; demographic, 15; discussing, 159; identity, 22, 28; imparting, 182; logistical, 95; personal, 275; quantitative, 150; sharing, 23, 257, 258, 262, 280; withholding, 170
infrastructure, 75, 153, 185, 269; commercialized, 182; communicative, 75; digital, 43; drum circle, 67; economic, 16; technical, 16, 180
Ingold, Tim, 291n22
interaction, 50, 51, 62, 65, 78, 94, 96–97, 114, 125, 138, 142, 143, 187, 204, 244, 276; chronotopic, 89–92, 106, 254; collective, 282; digital, 18, 21, 22, 112, 269; emplacement and, 269; history of, 141; in-person, 19; inter-threaded, 72, 75, 76; mediated, 20, 23, 74, 75, 100, 228, 261; modalities of, 18, 76, 111; networked, 20; online, 19, 20, 172; participatory, 36, 111; promoting, 134, 181; reciprocity and, 111, 121, 134, 140; rhythms of, 8; social, 16, 43, 92, 124, 156, 260; sociality and, 75; third-person, 144
interactivity, 35, 65, 66, 76, 92, 143, 159, 161, 179, 188; constructive, 165–66; cycle of, 134
internet, 56, 57, 62, 77, 103, 125, 212, 222, 223, 260; connections and, 76; studies, 75, 203; third wave of, 17; trajectories of, 223; usage, 5
internet cafés, research on, 75
Internet Protocol, 286n80
Internet Research14.0, 301n81
interpretation, 22, 37, 62, 152, 269, 271
interviewees, 4, 35, 38, 42, 74, 84, 104, 115, 123, 143; behavior and, 75; reciprocity and, 121–22; researchers and, 36; video sharing and, 23; You Tube experience and, 3
interviews, 13, 35, 49, 53–54, 67, 74; conducting, 277; ethnographic, 208, 243, 267; reciprocal, 50; remarks, 113, 142; semistructured, 14; video, 67; walking, 277
Introduction to Australian Society (Edgar, Earle, and Fopp), 163
“invisible wall” approach, 35, 36
iReporter, 211
ItalianStallionette, 88, 91, 92, 196
Ito, Mizuko, 299n123
Jane, 48, 119; data friction and, 103–4; memorial by, 47
Jenkins, Henry, 6, 36, 50, 67, 182
Jenner, Bruce/Caitlyn, 174
Jones, Graham M., 288n16
Kendall, YT, 303n3
Kennedy, Jamie, 157
KevJumba, 223
Kids on YouTube (Lange), 11, 42, 51, 138, 200, 244, 264
Kjellberg, Felix, 248
Knott, Kathryn, 297n76
knowledge, 261; anthropological, 280; cultural, 85; exchange, 9, 169; generational, 212–13; technical, 264
Kollock, Peter, 111–12
La Dolce Vita (Fellini), 58
landscapes, 203; YouTube, 228–51
Lange, Patricia G., 92, 137, 208; photo of, 244
Lasch, Christopher, 44
Law of Reciprocity, 294n64
learning: collaborative, 223; by going viral, 179–82
Learning from YouTube (class), 180
Leaver, Tama, 203, 204, 205, 206, 211
Lefebvre, Henri, 9, 25, 91, 141, 143, 166–67, 177; analysis by, 8, 65, 167, 270; arrhythmias and, 129, 228; media and, 216; model of, 185; rhythmic patterns and, 8, 146, 270; rubric of, 8, 227; temporalities and, 142, 164, 256, 270
Lefebvrian cycle, 30, 32, 69, 130, 146, 185, 188, 256
legacy: digital, 29, 187, 188, 203–16, 223; historical, 273; media, 206; mediated, 272; social, 209; video, 207, 213
Lemelson, Robert, 179
lemonette, 157; attention for, 59, 60, 64; described, 57–58; photo of, 59
“Let’s Play” videos, 223
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 287n98
lifeways, 4, 63, 273, 274, 275
LindaSVorhies, 119–20
LinkedIn, 5
literacy: developing, 67; digital, 37, 40, 66, 151, 199, 263, 264, 280; participatory, 269; spectatorial, 275; visual, 264
Little YouTube #community (video), 178
Long Tail, The (Anderson), 41
Los Angeles County Planning Commission, 245
Los Angeles Space, 235
“Love Is All Around” (song), 83
Lovink, Geert, 122, 151, 171, 185–86
loyalties, 153, 155, 210, 237, 282
Lurker6-7-8, 53
lurkers, 25, 50, 51, 52, 53, 133, 277
MacArthur Foundation, 14
MacDougall, David, 279
MacDougall, Judith, 279
Machine Is Us/ing Us (video), 180–81
Machinima MCN, 236
Madianou, Mirca, 307n44
Maker Studios, 236, 237, 239, 292n8, 304n36
Mann, Steve, 277
Martinez, Wilton, 168
Mary Tyler Moore Show, The (television show), 69, 83
mash-ups, 195, 197; videos of, 28–29, 196
Mauss, Marcel, 124
McNamara, Kim, 290n79
McNeill, Laurie, 204
MCNs. See multi-channel networks
Mean Kitty Song, The (video), 84–85
media, 14, 16, 51, 56, 83, 86, 102, 189, 204, 212, 224, 252; collectivity and, 281; corporatized, 23; creating, 11, 50, 143, 253; democratized, 107–8; different forms of, 188; do-it-yourself, 24; everyday, 10; grassroots, 183; home mode, 97; inappropriate, 22; inter-threadedness of, 19; markers, 12; mass, 5, 6, 37, 39; messages, 37; migration to, 9; news, 83; posthuman, 254; professional, 6, 49, 118, 268; psychology of creators and, 46; rhythmic patterns of, 9; ritualized, 153; self and, 43–44; sensory, 99; sociality and, 6, 144, 152; socially motivated, 256; technologized, 192; temporal evaluations of, 265; types of, 100; vernacular, 263
media generations, 30, 179, 234, 255, 256, 282; community and, 147; determining, 262; features and, 272–73; monetization and, 232; support for, 235; vloggers and, 226
media making, 4, 12, 16, 39, 44, 50, 56, 57, 126, 259; democratized, 86; participation and, 8; reciprocity and, 144
media sharing, 4, 125, 227, 280; engaging in, 200; forms of, 256, 262; global public and, 263
mediascapes, 4, 89, 93, 96, 98, 222; communicative, 216; constructing, 76–79; interactive, 80, 99
mediation, 9, 10, 11, 21, 31, 33, 47, 51, 64, 74, 100, 102, 150, 155, 177–79, 184, 281; analysis of, 7; expecting, 62; experience and, 60; impact of, 58; interactive, 270; interpersonal, 61; lack of, 58; moment and, 60; observational, 35; online/offline, 269; participation and, 55–61; patterns of, 258; place and, 26; self-focused, 48; sociality and, 68; suspicion of, 56; technologized, 26; time/place and, 70; types of, 19, 99, 269, 282; video, 25, 28
meet-and-greet events, 238, 243
Me at the Zoo (video), 84
meet-ups, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 33, 38, 41, 69, 70, 77, 84, 85, 88, 91, 96, 99, 100, 101, 111, 114, 115, 118, 131, 133–34, 136, 137, 140, 156, 158, 212, 214, 217; attending, 49, 72–73, 98, 104, 127; character of, 76; chronotopic, 26, 90, 93; commercialized, 239; data friction at, 102–3; democratizing spirit of, 245; diversity at, 87; dynamics of, 71–73; future, 104–5; grassroots, 241, 242, 246; importance of, 26; inter-threaded aspect of, 93; monetization of, 30, 238–51; origins of, 71–73; social side of, 205; videos of, 72, 79, 94–95, 97, 98, 106, 209, 269, 270, 276
Meikle, Graham, 280
memorials, 47–48; digital, 209, 210; posthuman, 215–16
memories, 86, 136, 139; collective, 71; covering, 138
metrics, 182, 232; monetization, 233, 247; viewing, 81, 123, 126, 131, 305n62; watch-time, 251
Meunier, Jean-Pierre, 88
microwavefishsticks, 172, 173, 297n81
Middleton, Kate, 58–59
Midwest Gathering, 72, 90, 91, 104–5; photo of, 54
Midwest Gathering Shindig (video), 55
Midwest Lurker, 51, 52, 53, 289n62
migration, 9, 30; conceptual, 189, 216, 217, 218; digital, 8, 12, 28, 189, 216–20; radical, 216–17
milieus, 36; community and, 183; digital, 19, 23, 32, 49, 53, 142, 143, 144, 169, 217, 255, 270; mediated, 17, 33, 75; social, 9, 33, 146, 253; video-blogging, 276; video-making, 31; video-sharing, 32, 256
Miller, Daniel, 76, 180, 257–58, 267, 268; on internet, 75; polymedia and, 307n44; social media and, 20, 171–72
Mitchell, W.J.T., 56
modalities, 28, 67, 99, 111, 142, 270; functionality of, 292n54; interactive, 18, 71; inter-threaded, 25; maximizing, 18–21; mediated, 70, 102; multiple, 270, 282; sensory, 100; sociality and, 70; types of, 105; video-blogging, 96
monetization, 4, 7, 8, 81, 124, 126–27, 130, 132, 178, 188, 224, 227, 228, 229, 252, 256, 257, 260, 261, 272; activating, 234; boosting opportunities for, 122; impact of, 233; MCNs and, 235–37; media generations and, 232; meet-ups and, 238–51; policies about, 5; reaction to, 29–30; single-video, 232; sociality and, 233, 250; socialization and, 231–35
Moore, Mary Tyler, 82–83
Moran, James M., 263
Mourey, Jenna Nicole, 239
Müller, Eggo, 67
multi-channel networks (MCNs), 235–37
multi-user domains (MUDs), 284n33
music, 39, 40, 41, 55, 69, 77, 82, 83, 95, 183, 200, 213, 219, 229, 231, 242, 243; enjoying, 65; quality of, 67; video, 136
musoSF, 96, 119, 127, 128, 136; video making and, 41–42
My Life as a Night Elf Priest (Nardi), 10–11
My YouTube Story (video), 118–19, 141
MySpace, 39, 205, 218, 221, 222, 234, 284n27
MysteryGuitarMan, 239, 243, 244
Nalty, Kevin, 115–16, 125, 248
narcissism, 23, 24, 29, 113, 125, 143, 199, 254, 263; claims of, 44–48; discourses of, 55, 68; diversionary, 268; fears about, 208; female sexuality and, 45; fueling, 34, 263; individual, 267; overstating, 33; rethinking, 43–55; self and, 44; selfies and, 45; sociality and, 33; term, 43, 44; unwarranted attention and, 47; video, 25, 52, 132; vloggers and, 45–46
Nardi, Bonnie, 10–11, 20, 285n63
narratives, 37, 88, 152, 156, 216, 220; alternative, 7, 257–61; departure, 189; diversity in, 148; fall from grace, 251; historical, 260; teleological, 260
Netflix, 252
networks, 17–18, 95, 147, 181, 223; business strategies of, 236; communication, 75; digital, 19, 205; internet, 75, 260; multichannel/multiplatform, 30; profit-oriented, 237; social, 121, 181, 258; technological, 207; video-based, 72
new media, 55, 148, 150–51, 178, 227, 255, 256, 267
Newman, Michael, 183
nickynik, 129
nigahiga, 223
Nissenbaum, Helen, 279–80
nitrofreakmanho, 167
NorCalCorsello, 93, 94, 121, 130
NutCheese, 16
NYC Gathering 777 (video), 79, 98
Oakley, Peter, 42
observation, 62, 95, 96, 129; participation and, 26, 63–64, 65, 254. See also participant-observation
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 24
Offer, Avner, 107
offline, 18; online and, 19, 20
OhCurt, 77, 78, 136, 137–38, 232, 233
On Photography (Sontag), 56
OneTakeAsh, 178
online, 8, 18, 229; accounts, 187; offline and, 19, 20
Ontario Science Centre, 65, 69, 72, 78, 85, 242, 244; meet-up at, 73; photo of, 66
Ontus, 123–24
otherness, stereotypes of, 168
Padilla, Daniel Anthony, 230
Palmer, Parker J., 181
Paloque-Berges, Camille, 223, 224, 260
Papacharissi, Zizi, 45, 46, 169
paparazzi, 57–58, 59–60, 61, 64, 204, 254, 289n75
para-ethnography, 158, 159, 160, 163, 173, 180, 183
parentrazzi, 62
participant-observation, 7, 12, 25–26, 68, 277; criticism of, 64, 254–55; interrogating, 62–65
participants, 3, 5, 22, 33, 42, 61, 65, 74, 98, 130, 137, 167, 176, 232, 254, 276; emplacement and, 79; modalities and, 99; online, 101–2, 264; role of, 36
participation, 4–5, 9, 11, 25, 33–37, 50, 60, 66, 68, 82, 87, 96, 152, 175, 177, 190, 193, 197, 209, 211, 216; agentive, 189; arrhythmic, 185; broadening, 44; cameras and, 61, 64–65; centrality of, 165; collective, 146; contexts of, 251–52; defining, 105; democratized, 242; digital, 7; discussing, 95; ethnographic, 150; framing, 106; influences on, 75; intensity of, 8, 44, 167, 216; interactive, 36, 116; invitations for, 133–34; meaningful, 254; media-making and, 9; modal, 144; motivations for, 39, 43; networked, 30; observation and, 26, 55–61, 63–64, 65, 254; online, 112; positive, 151; problems with, 176; rhythm analysis and, 9; social rules of, 116; sociality and, 34; socially driven, 138; subscriptions and, 131; trajectories of, 37–43, 49, 55, 67, 188, 260; video making and, 36–37, 50; WordPress, 110; YouTube, 9, 14, 32, 38, 39, 43, 51, 52, 55, 62, 66, 71, 105, 106, 110, 116, 213, 219, 249
partnership programs, 231, 232, 250–51, 272, 300n21
Patreon, 231
Paul, Benjamin, 63
PayPal, 5
pedagogy, 170, 179, 180–81, 264
Pelaprat, Etienne, 112, 113, 121, 124, 130, 133
Penna, Joe, 243; photo of, 244
performances, 138, 191, 238, 250
Perrin, Pat, 301n46
personhood, 191, 195, 207, 212; agentive, 193; idealized, 202; partial dimensions of, 187
Pew Research Center, 5, 37, 49, 53, 307n70
PewDiePie, 248
Phillips, Whitney, 196, 263, 268
photography, 39, 56, 187, 238, 289n66, 289n75
Pillow Talk 1:888 Toronto Meet-up (video), 96
Pinheiro dos Santos, Lucio Alberto, 284n21
Pini, Maria, 97
Pink, Sarah, 99, 158, 168, 179, 184, 274, 291n22; emplaced ethnography and, 70; on place, 74
Pixelodeon, 12
place, 70; creating, 83; emplacement and, 74; mediation and, 26; physical, 77; representations of, 76
platforms, 66, 100, 139, 145, 184, 192, 193, 223, 249; alternative, 260; changes for, 228; interaction, 218, 257; networked, 18; neutral, 257; news, 258; participatory, 259; public, 103; social media, 234, 258, 281; technical, 266; user-friendly, 282; video-sharing, 71, 180
Playlist Live 2013—@shanedawson Hello, @Harto, @JoeyGraceffa (video), 240
Playlist LIVE Highlights w/Pillow Fights (video), 239
PlaystationVUE, 229
Poehler, Amy, 235
politics, 156, 157, 169, 307n70; cultural, 10
Portelli, Alessandro, 251
posthuman, 9, 29, 188, 190, 194, 197, 201–2, 203, 206, 207, 213, 215, 216, 220, 245, 249; analyzing, 193; clashes with, 224; concept of, 191; connective aspect of, 189; experiences of, 28; mediated self and, 191–92; social media and, 192
posthumanism, 190–92, 207, 220, 254; absorbative, 202; contact/collision with, 192
post-phenomenology, 17, 306n21
post-YouTube, thoughts on, 220–24
Preece, Jennifer, 154
prejudice, 21, 169, 172, 173, 268, 269
PresOfWeb, 164
privacy, 172, 204; cameras and, 280; legal issues and, 21; policies about, 5; social media and, 297n75
production, 40, 237; creative, 271; cultural, 263; visual, 7, 274
professionalism, 6, 16, 17, 183, 224, 243, 264, 280
pseudonyms, 13, 21, 103, 170–71, 193, 269
Psychology Today, 199
Public Broadcasting System (PBS), 46
rabidzebu32, 165
Radsch, Courtney, 176
Rant Response for Renetto, A (video), 232, 233
Rapport, Nigel, 184
ratings, 200–201, 300n40; commenter, 177; participatory, 257
reciprocity, 7, 12, 108, 166, 184, 231, 254, 280; anthropological studies of, 27, 109, 116; attentional, 131; comments and, 110, 117–22; dialogue and, 121; digital media and, 111–13; dimensions of, 26–27; engaging in, 26, 27, 110, 120; eschewing, 110, 125–29; expressing, 112–13, 140; forms of, 107–8, 122, 123, 142; generalized, 120, 134, 138; heteromorphic, 114, 137; homeomorphic, 114, 130, 144, 255; idealization of, 133; inclinations toward, 112; insider’s view of, 142–44; interactions and, 111, 121, 134, 140; invoking, 124, 143; lessons about, 255; liking, 140; losing, 26, 121, 138; meaning of, 141; media makers and, 144; mediated, 108; mutual, 231; negative forms of, 108–9, 126, 143; as obligation, 27; as participatory law, 129; patterned, 131–34; positive forms of, 117, 143; reworkings of, 255; roots of, 140–42; social media and, 109, 112; sociality and, 108, 122, 143; subscriptions and, 126, 132; video, 26, 110, 113, 115, 116–40, 141, 261; video making and, 139; video sharing and, 114–16, 117; visual, 122–25, 125–29
Red Top Mountain State Park, photo of, 81
relationships, 10, 97, 113, 141, 280; building, 92, 127; community, 153; ethics governing, 163; future, 22; interpersonal, 24, 123; long-term, 124; maintaining, 86, 107; political, 124; public/private, 292n44; social, 124
“Remembering Ryan Basilio,” 214
Renetto + Boh3m3 = YouTube History 101 (video), 94
representations, 188, 203–4, 224, 252, 277; controlling, 275; ethnographic, 74; false, 29; posthumous, 210; visual, 190
reputation, 112, 177, 193, 279; manipulating, 200–201
research, 10–11, 225, 247; anthropological, 74, 75–76, 148, 158, 202–3; communication, 277; comparative, 258; digital, 70; ethnographic, 75–76, 148, 174; media, 33, 262, 269; primary, 71; protocol, 13; sociological, 174; subjects of, 64, 278; systematic, 266; visual, 165
Response to Vlog Brothers Vidcon Is a Ripoff! (video), 245
Rheingold, Howard, 75, 155, 196
rhetoric, 51, 52, 162, 166, 263
rhythms, 4, 146, 203; analysis, 8, 9, 108, 270; anthropological, 273; behavioral, 8; collective, 91; conflicting, 9, 167; cultural, 9; interactive, 14; mediated, 9, 274; multiple, 228; participatory, 7–9, 29, 274; polymorphic, 65; public, 91; social, 9; temporal, 128
Richards, Mary, 82–83
Rignola, Joe, 79
Robinett, Paul, 95
robtran, 131–32, 193–94; anxiety for, 198–99, 201; mediated self of, 202; ratings and, 200–201; on reciprocity, 132; representation of, 196, 197; videos by, 195–96
Rocky (film), 90–91
Rotman, Dana, 154
Rouch, Jean, 179
rubrics, 7, 8, 11, 19, 22, 28, 64, 74, 77, 105, 153, 189, 255; community, 281; conceptual, 32, 35, 147; Lefebvrian, 29, 188, 227; participant-observation, 62; posthuman, 169, 190, 196, 201–2, 204; theoretical, 152
Ruby, Jay, 11, 179, 275, 277, 279, 280–81
Ryan Edit, 46
Safety, Mr., 304n53
Sanders, Chris, 230–31
Sandler, Adam, 95
Schieffelin, Bambi B., 288n16
Scroggins, Michael, 273
Seaman, Gary, 179
Secrets of Videoblogging (Verdi and Hodson), 46
self, 147, 203; agentive, 191; construction of, 202; expressing, 263; media and, 43–44; mediated, 191–92, 202; narcissism and, 44; sharing, 39, 108; self-aggrandizement, 51, 62; self-centeredness, 24, 25, 53, 108, 123, 132, 143
self-expression, 24, 131, 166, 170, 195, 203, 229, 282; forms of, 45–48
self-perception, 189, 194, 198
self-promotion, 45, 85, 88, 92, 125, 127, 158; aggressive, 49–50; community and, 165; de-emphasizing, 24; encouraging, 179; sociality and, 18, 23–25
selfies, 23, 44, 55, 267, 268; fan, 45, 244; narcissism and, 45; video, 254
Senft, Theresa, 24, 44, 286n89
sentiment, 28, 105, 197, 267; community of, 184; posthuman, 209
shared happenings, 90, 158, 282
ShortbusMooner, 111, 145, 155, 156
ShrinerMcbitey, 162
Silver, Jon, 251
Simmel, Georg, 141
SimplySadie, 200
skills, 67, 280; creational, 34; development of, 37, 265; digital, 274–75; editing, 40, 41; filmmaking, 131, 181, 194; musical, 40; participatory, 11, 40; production, 235, 274; rhetorical, 162, 263; self-presentation, 265; technical, 40, 55; video-making, 253
Slater, Don, 75
Smart Brown Voices (podcast), 176
Smosh, 230
Snapchat, 219
social arrangements, 74, 266, 281
social atmosphere, 116, 117, 233
social connections, 23, 121, 129, 217, 262; establishing, 113; facilitating, 38; strengthening, 143
social encounters, 116, 123, 142, 276
social groups, 16, 24, 51, 149, 158, 167, 185, 188, 226, 257, 258, 270, 282
social issues, 23, 24, 25, 50, 176, 267
social media, 4, 12, 13, 15, 20, 24, 76, 107, 113, 117, 124, 125, 127, 132, 171–72, 175, 176, 180, 189, 190, 204, 205, 208, 217; engines, 206; entertainment, 223; ephemeral, 187; migration and, 219; narcissism on, 43, 288n31; posthuman and, 192; privacy and, 297n75; production on, 9; publications about, 284n40; reciprocity and, 109, 112, 256; research on, 62; sensory deprivation and, 56; sharing, 280; shelf life of, 258; sites, 221; videos and, 238
social phenomena, growth phase of, 108
sociality, 4, 7, 9, 11, 17, 18, 20, 26, 32–33, 40, 48, 50, 78, 80, 123, 133, 134, 137–38, 165, 229, 237, 238, 243, 244, 246, 247, 251, 252, 253, 254, 260, 261, 262, 264; chronotopic chains of, 71, 92–94, 104, 240; collaborative, 105; collective, 156; communication and, 15; democratized, 106; development of, 146; emotion and, 27; emplacement and, 75; facilitating, 37, 85, 179, 234, 256, 258; frames of reference and, 71; grassroots, 245; human, 31, 90, 248; instrumentality and, 124; intensification of, 30, 70, 90, 111, 116, 179; interaction and, 75; internet, 167; interpersonal, 60; investment in, 144; maintaining, 113, 126, 129; meaningful, 108; media and, 61, 144, 152; mediated, 7, 68, 108; modalities and, 70; monetization and, 233, 250; narcissism and, 33; participation and, 34, 71; reciprocity and, 108, 122, 143; self-promotion and, 18, 23–25; subscriptions and, 130; technical competition and, 138; temporality and, 26, 94–98; VidCon and, 242
socialization, 7, 70, 157, 228, 240, 243, 276, 282; monetization and, 231–35
society, 156; fraction of, 164; in miniature, 87; small-scale, 7; sociology, 35, 150, 152, 163
Sociology One: Principles of Sociological Analysis for Australians (Waters and Crook), 163
Sørenssen, Bjørn, 42
sousveillance, 278
South by Southwest, 218
SouthTube, 57, 59, 69, 80, 90, 114, 139, 148, 155; events at, 87; meet-up at, 38; photo of, 59, 80, 81, 149
spaces: creative, 228; creator, 235; digital, 33, 174; mediated, 259, 260; networked, 147; social, 67, 271; time and, 70; video-sharing, 33
spam, 28, 125, 159, 160, 294n64, 295n8
spricket24, 123
stakeholders, 153, 158, 173, 180, 183; epistemological, 163; investment from, 185
stars. See celebrities
STEELPOT1, 164
Stickam, 78, 100, 220, 221, 291n21, 302n89
Strangelove, Michael, 10, 52, 155, 199, 305n7
streaming service, 229–31, 234
Street, Mike, 176–77
sub for sub, 122–23, 126, 127, 132, 261, 293n39
sub4sub (video), 123
subscribers, 44, 126, 126–27, 130, 134, 157, 221, 230, 239, 248, 250
subscriptions, 114, 122, 127, 215, 259, 260, 282; comparative, 126; original videos and, 131; participation and, 131; reciprocity and, 126, 132; sociality and, 130; value of, 130, 131
Summer in the City, 238
support: community, 214–16; emotional, 47, 271; expressing gratitude for, 138–40; technical, 271
Susan, 214, 215; media making by, 44, 45
SuziNess1968, 120
Tajen: Interactive (documentary), 179
Talkin’ about OhCurt (video), 77
Taylor, Lucien, 279
TayZonday, 242
technology, 12, 112, 181, 188, 190, 191, 193, 199, 205, 257, 261; digital, 268, 280; emergence of, 23; humans and, 216; involvement with, 7; language and, 20; social media, 124
temporality, 26, 30, 33, 56, 115, 117, 143, 146, 215, 220, 228, 246, 272, 274; asymmetrical, 9; cultural dynamics and, 142; effect of, 44–48; experiential, 8; media, 270; multiple, 270; sociality and, 94–98; term, 8; understanding, 273; video, 271
ten-minute trick, 248
Terminal Games (Coleman and Perrin), 202
thetalesend, 233, 234, 245, 246
thewinekone, 219–20
30 percent rule, 175
Thor, 208, 209, 210, 217, 236–37, 239
time stamps, described, 305n57
timur1lenk, 161
trajectories, 17, 103, 119, 146, 223, 235; media, 95, 272; participatory, 37–43, 49, 55, 67, 188, 260; temporal, 51, 95, 270–74
trebuchet1221, 154
tremendum, posthuman, 202–3, 224, 254, 279
tributes, 136, 139, 156, 157, 196
trolls, 157, 196, 198, 219, 263
truesign, 170
Tumblr, 112
Turkle, Sherry, 75
Turner Based Gamer, The, 115
Twitter, 5, 12, 29, 112, 122, 132, 211, 216, 217, 219, 221, 234, 257; groups on, 153; launching, 258; Law of Reciprocity on, 294n64; migration to, 218; variations in, 258; YouTubers and, 222
2008 Philadelphia YouTube Gathering, The (video), 91
Uldam, Julie, 166
Usenet groups, 169
values, 92, 130, 131; cultural, 108, 177; production, 37, 40, 197
Vaynerchuk, Gary, 229
vernacular, 17, 24, 26, 29, 31, 37, 224, 268, 275, 281
Vernallis, Carol, 183
Viacom, 238
VidCon, 12, 71, 82, 232, 304n48, 304n56; budget of, 245; celebrities at, 242, 243; early, 246; growth of, 240–41; photo of, 82; sociality and, 242; ticket prices for, 81; Viacom and, 238; videos of, 239
Vidcon What a Rip Off (video), 245
video bloggers, 57, 62, 216, 218; issues of, 264–65, 278; photo of, 61
video blogging, 23, 25, 34, 35, 36, 46, 53, 54–57, 61, 96, 109–10, 131, 151, 199, 208, 210, 238, 265, 267; characteristics of, 276, 277; maintaining, 12
video makers, 15, 27, 32, 34, 35, 51, 52, 59, 95, 97, 98, 113, 116–17, 122, 123, 128, 133–34, 143, 159, 193, 227, 232, 235; accounts of, 225–26; celebrity and, 96; commercial sponsors and, 81; commitment of, 201; cultural forms and, 17–18; emotional fungibility and, 106; emplacement and, 79; engagement by, 67, 118; ethic/agendas of, 277; individual, 270; legacy of, 188; media and, 9; meet-ups and, 73; monetization and, 29–30; narcissism and, 25; portrayal of, 272; promotions by, 66–67; reciprocity and, 114, 133; resources for, 260; rhythms of, 230; variety of, 16; viewers and, 228
video making, 3, 8, 11, 12, 35, 37–38, 39, 41–42, 51, 55, 65, 67, 72, 84, 101, 109, 149, 188, 193, 199, 203, 233, 250, 251; approach to, 32–33; cycles of, 249; emplacement and, 74; experience of, 83; increased, 40, 217; online, 264; participation and, 36–37; process of, 10; reciprocity and, 139; skills for, 40; techniques for, 197; trajectory of, 235
Video Reciprocity (video), 110
video sharing, 8, 17, 23, 28, 31, 49, 71, 72, 73, 134, 148, 199, 228, 234, 245, 256, 260; cultural practices of, 259, 261–62; dynamics of, 109; migration from, 30; parameters of, 227; practices of, 7, 261; reception of, 265; reciprocity and, 114–16, 117; researching, 261–81; social, 228, 266; temporalities of, 141
video streaming, 30, 227, 229–30, 233
Videoblogging (Dedman and Paul), 57
videos: authentic, 28–29; birthday, 39, 47, 96, 134–35, 140; blimp, 44; causal, 49; celebrity-driven, 23; collaborative (collabs), 16, 26, 134, 136, 137, 138, 178, 261; comedic, 3, 38–39, 42, 115, 128, 134, 187–88, 224; commercial, 261; content of, 131; cool, 55, 85; deleting, 199, 206, 212, 271; educational, 179, 180, 266; feature-length, 11; half-life of, 225; hater, 195, 199; meet-up, 72, 79, 94–95, 97, 98, 106, 209, 269, 270, 276; offensive, 189, 198–99; parodic, 193; political, 156; popular, 5, 10, 206, 233; posting, 14, 37, 49, 73, 226, 272; promoting, 200, 259; promotional, 72, 73; public, 266, 278; quality, 41, 129, 264; reflection, 96; religious, 44; return, 225, 226, 249, 250; sharing, 4–5, 11, 49, 281; special-effects, 215; tagging, 205; thank you, 134, 135; trial, 84; tribute, 156, 157, 196; uploading, 32, 256; vernacular, 10, 44, 154, 183, 281; viral, 39, 181, 232, 242, 257; visibility of, 10; watching, 5, 6, 9, 11, 15, 242; YouTube, 15, 37, 94, 113, 265–66. See also mash-ups
view counts, 15, 104, 111, 124, 156, 197, 198, 200, 232, 287n101, 288n17
viewership, 178, 216, 234, 247, 274; commitment to, 122; creators and, 271; dissipation of, 270; sociality and, 250
viewing practices, 5–6, 10, 128, 247, 305n62
visibility, 67, 85, 232; ethics of, 280; mutual, 34, 66
Visiting Maker Studios Los Angeles California (video), 237
VLog to GOD—PART ONE—(The Voices of Creation) (video), 215
VLog to GOD—PART TWO—(Walking with Satan) (video), 215
vloggers, 13, 47, 68, 109, 112, 144, 154, 157, 263, 266, 271; early, 262; interviews by, 56–57; media generations and, 226; narcissism and, 45–46; popular, 139; support from, 48; vernacular, 249; WordPress and, 111
vlogs, 11, 14, 15, 24, 26, 34, 38, 46, 47, 53, 58, 61, 77, 79, 81, 95, 96, 109, 116, 126, 129–30, 131, 156, 176, 187–88, 203, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 225, 230, 233, 236, 237, 239, 240, 246; camera-address, 112; comedic, 100, 115, 134, 157; creating, 250, 253; lack of, 244; picture, 47; religious, 44
Wahlberg, Malin, 48
Walther, Joseph, 294n49
War on Robtran (video), 197
War on Capitalism (video), 175
Washington Square Park, 79, 91
Waters, Malcolm, 163
websites, 13, 220, 224, 253; demise of, 222; existential cycles of, 221; user-friendly, 234; video-sharing, 3
Wellner, Galit P., 261
Wesch, Michael, 14, 124, 181–82, 277, 285n42; communities of truth and, 183; sociality/communication and, 15; video by, 180–81
What Defines a Community? (video), 21, 27, 35, 147, 148, 150, 152, 168, 182
What I Have Done So Far to Block Vidcon 2010 (video), 245
WhatsApp, 20
WHY I TOOK A BREAK FROM YOUTUBE (video), 249
Why We Post (Miller et al.), 76, 180, 284n40
Why YouTube Sub4Sub Is Bad (video), 126
Wife among Wives, A (film), 279
Wired Magazine, 41
Wogan, Peter, 168
World of Warcraft, 11
WpgPeanut, 119, 120, 128, 129, 136
Wright, Karen, 199
Wu, Kevin, 223
Yahoo IM, 221
Yan, Yunxiang, 124
Yanomamö Interactive CD-ROM, 179
Yo’Tube, 90–91
You People Are CRAZY (and GREAT)!!! Thank You So Much! (video), 134
YouTube Black FanFest, 238
YouTube Community: Season 2 (video), 40, 221
YouTube Directors, 300n21
YouTube Etiquette (video), 115, 116
YouTube Music, 231
YouTube Music Key, 229
YouTube Music Premium, 231
YouTube Premium, 231
YouTube Space, 235
YouTube TV, 229
You Tube Your Way (vlog), 176
YouTubers, 4, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 23, 26, 36, 52, 68, 77, 85, 87, 89, 92, 99, 100, 104; celebrities and, 242; chronotopic chains and, 93; community and, 152, 216; creative spaces and, 228; cultural expressions and, 16; data friction and, 102–3; events and, 97–98; experiences of, 70, 292n54; gatherings of, 81, 82; inspiration for, 34, 45; media generations and, 226; narratives and, 152; observation by, 62–63; orienting concepts of, 106; photo of, 61, 80, 81, 86, 89, 101, 133, 149, 241; posthuman identities of, 203; reciprocity and, 143; relationships among, 86; self-reflection by, 6; sociality and, 7, 48, 50, 237, 240, 245; starting over by, 35; stories of, 5, 31; support for, 250; video sharing and, 17; work of, 21, 95
YouTubia, 4, 14–17, 18, 261, 281
Zappin, Danny, 236, 237, 304n36
Zhao, Yupei, 285n64