Jack Shipped to the Devil at Blackhead
Told by Pius Power Sr. on September 15, 1979, at the home of Pius Power Jr., Southeast Bight, Placentia Bay. Those present were Jack Ward, Pius Power Jr., Kate Power, Margaret Power, Vincent Whyte, Maggie Hepditch Power, and Anita Best (recording). (MUNFLA CD F02303)
There was one time
in olden times
in farmers’ times
it wasn’t in your time
or in my time
but in times ago
a man and a woman got married
and they had one son
and they called him Jack.
When Jack grew up to be eighteen or nineteen, his father died
and left Jack a bird alone
himself and his mother.
But Jack was a wonderful hand to play cards.
Everyone come. Jack played cards with ’em.
He won and won and won.
Jack was making good money playing cards.
There was no good of going playing with him
because you couldn’t win
because Jack was too good a hand at the cards.
He couldn’t lose.
So all hands got tired of it and wouldn’t go no more.
So he said to his mother one day, he said
I’m going to look for someone to play cards with me.
Now, Jack, she said
if I was you, she said
I’d forget cards.
Because, she said
cards and dice is the advice of the Devil.
And if you gets too interested in them, she said
The Devil can have a share of you.
Well, Jack said
I wouldn’t care if it was the Devil’d come
and have a game o’ cards with me now!
So Jack went on lookin’ for a fella to play cards with him
and he wasn’t long goin’ when he met ’im.
Well, he got talkin’ to him
and the fellow said
well met, Jack. I was goin’ around lookin’ for someone to have a game of cards, too.
So, be the holy, he come to Jack’s house, the Devil did
and b’y, they had the cruel time playin’ cards.
Everything that he was owner of, Jack won it!
When he was leaving he said
That’s alright, but I’ll be back again.
So the next night the Devil come
and Jack played cards with him
and ’twas the same thing.
I have to come back again, he said
I have to try to get back some of my money I lost.
So the next night, well, by the holy, he come
but Jack didn’t have much chance
because he done everything he wanted to do
and poor Jack couldn’t keep again’ him at all.
He won everything.
The last thing they played for was Jack’s self.
And he won Jack.
So that’s alright. Jack was won.
Now, Jack, he said
I’m the Devil
and, he said
you have to come to Blackhead now, he said
and serve me for a day and a twelvemonth.
Alright, sir, says Jack.
So the Devil went on about his business.
Jack packed up his belongings.
He was going to Blackhead to serve the Devil
So Jack traveled on
traveled on
traveled on
and by ’m’ by (by and by) he come to an old house.
He knocked on the door
and when he opened the door this one come out.
Hello, Jack, she said
where d’ ya come from?
Ma’am, he said
I come here, he said
I have an aunt somewhere here, he said
in the forest.
Me mother sent me.
Yes, she said
I’m your aunt. Come in.
So Jack went in.
Now Jack, she said.
I have to hide you.
Because, she said
I have four sons.
There’s East, West, North, and South.
And, she said
East is the first fella comes.
And, she said
I have to hide you, because, she said
they’re monstrous great men, she said
and they’re savage.
But, she said
when I gets them something to eat, she said
and I tells ’em about you
they’ll be alright then.
So that was very good.
Jack had something to eat
and she put him into a big chest
put down the cover.
And Jack wasn’t very long in the chest when be Christ
the sloppy snow and everything began to hit on the house.
Jeez, Jack said to himself in the chest
I only just done it in time.
By ’m’ by Jack heard East when he come
and he stamped
and shook the snow off himself
and he come in.
And when he come in
ho ho, he said
I smells fresh meat.
And I smells human, he said to his mother.
Naw, she said
you’re hungry.
What you smells is fresh meat.
No, he said
I smells human besides fresh meat.
Naah, no, b’y, she said
that’s—you’re hungry.
So he sot down to the table.
And his mother hove him up a half a bullock.
And he et that half.
And he called for the other half.
Mother, he said
I still smells human, he said
there’s human blood somewhere here.
Yes, she said
there is.
But, she said
you have to promise me you won’t touch him.
Oh, no, mother, he said
I won’t touch him.
She said
he’s very delicate
and a very small fella.
He’s your cousin, she said
he’s me sister’s child, she said
and he’s on his way, she said
to Blackhead.
And he heard tell o’ ye
so, she said
he come to see ye.
He said, let us see him.
Now, she said
you have to promise.
Oh, he said
yes.
So she raised the cover of the chest.
He hooked down his finger
and took Jack up.
He sot Jack on his hand
and he wanted Jack to fist in
and to eat the bullock.
But sure Jack wasn’t able to eat the like of that.
God, b’y, he said
you’re not very fat.
You’re pretty tiny.
So Jack talked away to him
and told him where he was goin’
to Blackhead to serve the Devil.
Well, he said
I can’t give you any help, he said
because I only flies east.
The only fella I knows goes over Blackhead, he said
or through Blackhead, he said
is Nord.
might take you over Blackhead if he knows anything about it.
None of the rest of us, I wouldn’t say, do.
Well, by ’m’ by she strikes!
Rain. Sleet. Wind.
God, Jack said
’tis poor out now.
East said, that’s Soud is comin’.
Now Mother, he said
you take Jack, he said
and put him back in the box.
So when Soud come in through the door, it was the same thing.
And East spoke up.
Naah, b’y, he said
you don’t smell no human, he said
I thought that too, he said
but ’twas hungry I was.
So he sot in to the table
and the old woman took him up a bullock.
She wasn’t very weak edder (either), you know.
She took up a bullock
and slapped it on his plate.
And he et the bullock.
And he wanted more.
He said, you know, Mother, he said
I still smells human.
East told him about their cousin
and he wanted to see ’im.
So they opened up the chest. Chummy (the guy) reached in
and took him out
and handed him to Soud
and Soud took him on the palm of his hand.
And they had the big talk about Jack’s family
and the aunt he never see yet.
Well, by ’m’ by she chopped from the west’ard.
Snow squalls. Wind and hail.
Soud said to his mother
We’ll put Jack back in the box now, he said
’cause West is comin’, he said
and I s’pect West is pretty hungry, he said.
And he’s rougher, he said
’n we are.
So they put Jack back in the box
and West come
and he come in.
It was the same thing with him.
He still smelled human after he et the bullock
so Soud told him then about Jack, how he was come to see ’em
an’ he on his way to Blackhead.
And he said
You have to promise me, he said
that you won’t hurt him.
Because, b’y, he said
he’s the most delicate little fella ever you see, you know, he said.
He’s only very small.
And West wanted to know could he talk.
Oh, yes, he said
he can talk
and tell you where he’s goin’ to and all that.
Oh, West said
that’s fine. Take him up
and show me where he’s to.
So they ris the cover off o’ the chest
and East took him
and he passed him to Soud on the palm of his hand
and he passed him to West.
And West admired this little cousin he never knew he had.
He couldn’t get over how small he was.
And the next thing
she chopped from the Nord, me sonny b’y
and started to freeze.
West said
get Jack back in the box as quick as you can
because, he said
Nord is coming now.
Nord come
and begod, Jack was almost froze in the box
when Nord blowed in his breath.
And when he come in the first thing he said was fo, fo I smells human.
Well, he et two bullocks before he got a taste at all
and he still smelled human.
So they told him then who it was, Jack
and he was on his way to Blackhead to serve the Devil.
Oh, he said
Blackhead. I goes over that every day.
And they said
can you take Jack with you?
Oh, yes, he said
’tis no trouble at all to take Jack with me, he said
I’ll put him down in me coat pocket. He’ll be alright.
Jack was alright then.
He never had to go back in the box no more.
And they spent their time till they got too sleepy
passing Jack from one to the other on the palms of their hands.
So in the morning they started off
and they poked Jack down in Nord’s coat pocket.
And Nord dropped him down in the Devil’s yard.
Jack wasn’t very long in the Devil’s yard, when who come out only himself.
Hullo, he said
Jack.
Hullo, sir, said Jack.
Well, Jack, he said
you’re here ‘cardin (according) to promises.
Oh, Jack said
yes. When I makes a bargain, he said
I comes.
Well, Jack, he said
I was expectin’ to have to go for you.
No, Jack said
you didn’t have to come for me. I was able to get here without you.
Well, come in Jack, he said
and have some breakfast.
So Jack went in and got his breakfast.
Jack said, what, are you here be (by) yourself?
Nobody here, he said
only me.
When Jack was done, he said
now Jack, he said
you have to go to work.
And Jack said
what is that?
He said, you have to go down now, he said
there’s a ship down there in the pond.
And, he said
my wife’s gold ring is in that ship, he said.
You have to bail her out and bring me that ring.
There’s ninety-nine heads on a spear, he said
and if you don’t do that, he said
yours’ll be the hundredth.
Well, begod, Jack said
I s’pect it will be.
So he give Jack a basket
and when Jack goes down to go bail out the ship
sure the old basket wouldn’t hold no water.
And her coamin’ (vertical surface to deflect water) . . . she was all, deck and all, in under water
nothing up, only her cabin.
Jack slapped out a few buckets.
Sure begod, instead of her coming up, ’twas going down she was.
Jack lay down on the cabin.
The sun was shining hot
and Jack took off his rubbers
laid ’em in under his head for a pillow
lay down on the cabin
and had a good nap.
And by ’m’ by there was a lady come along and called him.
Jack, she said
do you know, she said
there’s ninety-nine heads on a spear
and yours’ll make the hundredth.
The devil may care, says Jack.
If there’s e’er a head on it at all, said Jack
there’s better heads ’n mine on it.
Yes, but Jack, she said
that’s not the point.
Now, she said
you take that basket and turn it bottom out, mouth toward you.
And instead of bailing out, she said
you bail in.
And for the peril of your life, if he asks you did you see anyone
or if anyone was talking to you
you tell him no, you didn’t see nobody, she said
and that’s all is to it.
And, she said
he’s going to call me daughter Anne.
I’m one of the King’s daughters, she said.
I’m a Princess.
And, she said
I have two sisters, too.
The Devil took us, she said
the three of us.
And, she said
we’re up there
but, she said
you’re not to see us.
And when Jack turned the basket the other way
and went to bail in
when he’d heave out one basketful
there was two hundred went out.
And by ’m’ by the ship was bailed out dry.
And no two ways about it
the gold ring was down in the bottom.
And Jack picked up the gold ring.
And in the evening Jack walks up to the old Devil
and handed him the gold ring.
Jack, he said.
did you bail out that ship?
And Jack said
wasn’t that what you wanted done?
He said
I don’t know how you got that.
Jack said
I couldn’t get the gold ring that was down in the bottom of her unless she was bailed out.
Yes, he said
but I can’t see how you bailed her out, he said.
Were you talking to daughter Anne?
Jack said
what?
Daughter Anne.
Jack said, damn daughter Anne
and damn you
and damn meself, too.
What do I know about daughter Anne?
You told me there was nobody here only yourself.
That’s alright, Jack, he said.
So that’s alright.
Jack went to bed
and had his nap o’ sleep
and in the morning he got up
and et his breakfast.
Now Jack, he said
you have to go to work, he said.
I have a job for you.
And Jack said
yeah?
I have a droke (grove) of blackthorn out there, he said
and I wants it cut down.
I wants the pins in one place
the boughs in another
and the limbs in another.
You’ll get the axe there in the yard.
And Jack goes out and picks up the axe.
She looked a wonderful axe.
And Jack goes up
and he sticks into one of the big old blackthorn trees.
Sure, the first smack Jack made at it, the old axe turned up in his face. She was only leaden.
Bejesus, Jack said
that is something now
to go cut down a droke of blackthorn with.
And Jack broke off what boughs he could
and laid ’em down under ’im
and made up his bed
and lay down
and had his nap.
And when Jack was asleep
by ’m’ by along comes the lady.
Jack, Jack, she said
get up, Jack, she said
what in the name of heaven is going to be the end of you?
Nothing, said Jack.
There’s ninety-nine heads, she said
on a spear, Jack, she said
and yours is goin’ to be the hundredth.
Well, Jack said
if there’s only two heads on it, there might be one there better than mine.
I come to cut down this and pile it, he said.
If I had to get to cut it down I might get to pile it
but sure, I have nothing to cut it down with only a leaden axe.
And when I stuck her in, he said
she turned up and looked at me.
Try the poll (head) of her, Jack, she said
to see what ’twill do. Go where that oak there is, that biggest oak is there, she said
and try her into that, she said.
But don’t use the blade, use the poll.
Jack goes over and swung off
and let the poll have it again’ the trunk of the tree.
And he thought that the helft (haft) of the axe’d go in pieces.
But when he turned around, there was never the one thing
only they were all piled
and the boughs and all were fixed right the way the Devil wanted them.
So Jack spent the rest of the day with the lady
and in the evening the Devil come up to have a look at it.
And when he come up, sure, it was right as he wanted.
He said
you have your job done?
Oh, yes, Jack said.
That’s what you sent me to do, wasn’t it?
The Devil asked him about daughter Anne
and Jack swore he’d seen no one.
So that was alright.
and had his supper, b’y
and he had a beautiful night, himself and the old Devil, playin’ cards.
But in the morning, Jack got his breakfast.
And the old Devil said to him
now Jack, he said
I have one more job for you to do.
And Jack said, what is that?
There’s a brass pole, he said
a flagpole over yonder.
And, he said
the flag line is busted.
And, he said
there’s after being ninety-nine tried to reeve (pass a rope through) it.
But no one never rove that flag line, he said
and if you can’t do it, he said
your gold head’ll make the hundredth.
Very good, said Jack.
I s’pose, he said
I’m able to get up a flagpole.
So Jack goes over
and he looks at the brass pole
and he tries to go up
but sure, he could only get so far up
and he give out
and come back souse-o (a sudden deep plunge) on the ground again.
Tried it three or four times
but ’twas too hard on Jack
so he give up
and lay down.
Well, he wasn’t very long lay down when the lady come.
Jack, she said
you never got to rig the flag line?
No, he said.
Or it won’t be rigged, edder, he said.
I can’t get up the damn pole.
No, she said
you can’t get up that pole without a special ladder.
Well, Jack said
if I can’t get up the pole without a ladder, he said
I’m not going to get up there at all.
Jack, she said
you have to kill me for to get up that pole.
Well, Jack said
that pole’ll never be climbed.
’Tis as well for me to die, he said
That’s alright, Jack, she said
I won’t die.
You have to kill me, she said
and take me apart, bit by bit
and keep in mind, she said
where every bit is placed.
And, she said
make a ladder out of me bones, she said
and go up and reeve the flag line.
And here’s a bottle of stuff I’ll give you, she said.
When you comes down, rub this over me, over the bones, she said.
As corn (according) as you puts the bones together, she said
rub the stuff.
And when all is over, she said
I’ll be just the same as ever. I won’t be dead, she said.
I’ll come to again.
Very good, said Jack.
So, down house with the lady, took her apart.
Took out every bone, one by one.
And her little toe was the smallest bone
and he poked that in his pocket
’cause he had the ladder made
and it was left over, her little toe.
The last joint of her little toe, he put it in his pocket
because he had the ladder made
and he had no use for it.
So Jack went up the ladder
and rove the flag line.
And come down
and started in
and put her back together.
Well, Jack was in a hurry getting her together now because it was getting late.
It took him a nice bit of time for to get the lady together
but when he had her together, he forgot that last joint of her little toe in his pocket.
And when the old Devil come Jack had the flag line rove.
And he went to the old Devil.
Now b’y, he said
the line is rove, if you have the flag to go up.
No, that’s alright, he said
we’ll get the flag some other time.
Jack, he said
were you talking to daughter Anne?
Damn daughter Anne, says Jack.
Damn you and damn meself, too.
You’re a damn liar.
there was nobody here only yourself
and you’re still always talking about daughter Anne.
Who is daughter Anne? he said.
Where in the devil is she to?
Where in the devil are they all to? he said.
I didn’t see nobody.
Oh, that’s alright, Jack b’y, he said.
So Jack hadn’t got very much to do from that out.
And the Devil come one day and he said
Jack, he said
today is the twelvemonth and tomorrow is the day, he said
I have to pay you your wage, he said.
You done everything I wanted you to do. You served me faithful.
And now, he said
I’m going to give you a lady for yourself.
There’s ladies here, he said
and you can choose your bride.
Whichever way you like.
But, he said
you’ll be blindfolded.
and you won’t see ’em.
So the Devil put the ladies in a room, blindfolded Jack
and told him to choose.
Jack asked them to poke out their feet under the door.
And Jack felt their feet
and when he come to hers
he knew her by the little toe was gone.
So he chose the lady
and the Devil married them.
And they went upstairs to the bed.
The room was on the head of the stairs
and they went in
and Jack got ready to get into the bed.
No, Jack, she said
don’t get into that! Just haul off the counterpane, she said
and just look!
And Jack hauled off the counterpane
and when he did there was all kinds of bayonets
and needles
and everything stuck up in it.
If they’d ha’ got in it, that’s where they’d ha’ stayed.
So they fixed up a place in the corner of the room
and they stayed there.
And when they knew the Devil was asleep, she said to Jack
you go down to the stable
and the worst horse is there, she said
take him.
And go in, she said
in the pantry
and the worst sword is there. Take it. The very worst, she said
mind.
And they took off on the horse before the Devil got up.
Now it wasn’t long before the Devil discovered that they weren’t dead in the bed
and he got on his horse
and came after them.
Well, whatever foostering (fooling around) Jack had in the stable
and in the pantry
he took the second-worst horse
and the second-worst sword
and that was almost the undoing of them.
But the lady was smart
and she knew just what to do to outsmart that Devil.
Whenever he’d get close to them, she’d twist a trick so that they’d turn into something else.
They fooled him twice
but around four o’clock on the third day, they looked behind them
and the valley was filled with smoke.
By the God, he’s comin’ now, said Jack.
Yes, said the lady
but he’s out of luck this time.
We’re clear.
And Jack was gettin’ a bit concerned the Devil was gettin’ pretty handy.
The lady said
you wait till he gets right up near us
and then you pluck a hair out of your own head, my head, and the horse’s mane
and drop it over the horse’s tail in the form of a cross.
Make sure now, she said
that you drops it in the form of a cross.
So Jack done what she told him
and held the cross made out of hair ready to drop
And by ’m’ by the old Devil came up behind them.
Aha now, Jack, he said
this is the time I got ye.
And Jack said
no, not yet. I served you a day and a twelvemonth, what you asked.
But I’m not going to serve you any longer.
And with that Jack dropped the cross over the horse’s back.
And a river sprung between Jack and the Devil
and the old Devil went out the river on the horse’s back, right out through
and clear of Jack and the lady altogether.
And Jack and the lady come home.
And Jack got married to the lady.
And Jack was the king
and the lady was the queen.
They were so far generations afterwards.
They had children by the dozen.
They sold ’em by the basket.
The sailors bought ’em and made sea pies on ’em.
And the last time I see ’em, they were sot down to a tin table, eatin’.
And the tin table bended
so my story’s ended.
If the table were stronger
my story’d be longer.
They had coffee for tea when I came away
and if they don’t live happy, I hope we may.
ATU 313 The Magic Flight
AT 313 The Girl as Helper in the Hero’s Flight
Motifs:
- Z 10.1. Opening formula.
- Compare N 221. Man granted power of winning at cards.
- N 4.2. Playing game of chance (or skill) with uncanny being.
- S 221.2. Youth sells himself to an ogre in settlement of a gambling debt.
- H 942. Tasks assigned as a payment of gambling loss.
- G 530.5. Help from old woman in ogre’s house.
- G 312. Cannibal ogre.
- Z 115. Wind personified.
- F 151.0.1. Hospitable host entertains (guides, advises) adventurer on way to otherworld.
- N 812. Giant or ogre as helper.
- G 461. Youth promised to ogre visits ogre’s home.
- G 465. Ogre sets impossible tasks.
- H 1023.5. Task: pumping out a leaky ship.
- H 901.1. Heads placed on stakes for failure in performance of task.
- G 530.2. Help from ogre’s daughter.
- T 1115. Task: chopping down large tree with blunt implements.
- H 1149. Miscellaneous superhuman tasks.
- F 848.3. Ladder of bones.
- E 33. Resuscitation with missing member.
- H 57.0.1. Recognition of resuscitated person by missing member.
- T 115. Man marries ogre’s daughter.
- T 175. Magic perils threaten bridal couple.
- L 210. Modest choice best.
- D 672. Obstacle flight.
- D 915.1. River produced by magic.
- Z 10.2. End formula.
Comments
Like personal names, real place-names surface infrequently in fairy tales (though perhaps more frequently in oral than in written versions). So although Blackhead is an actual location in Newfoundland, we suspect Pius intended not the specific place but instead to indicate the kind of distant, generically ominous-sounding habitation in which the Devil might be found. Similarly, the previous story’s “lone shores of Scotland” refer more to a generically distant place than to the one stereotypically characterized by kilts and bagpipes and a long history of fierce independence (see McCrone, Morris and Kiely 1995; Dunnigan and Gilbert 2013; Smith 2001). And a place like the Magnafoot Mountain in “Johnson and the Fellow Traveler,” like “Bill’s wife’s sister” above, is important more for its association—in this case with the mysterious Magnafoot who has imprisoned the Princess—than for its physical location per se.
The title and the actions of the first part of this tale suggest it will be masculine; a young man falls under the power of the Devil (elsewhere an ogre) and is given impossible tasks. Once the Devil’s (actually the King’s) daughter enters the story, however, it becomes clear that she is the leading character; perhaps her anomalous naming as Anne signals her significance. She has the magic that will save the hero from her father’s malice and enable their escape. All Jack has to do is to learn to trust her. Bengt Holbek states that “the tale is of the feminine gender” (1987, 161). He finds that among the Danish magic tales recorded by Evald Tang Kristensen, this was one of the few feminine tales that men would tell (161, 168). It was also told by women, especially in those versions that end with a “forgotten fiancée” episode. It speaks to concerns of both genders: the conflict with a father for a young man, the conflict with her own and her husband’s family for a young woman. Pius also uses the “forgotten fiancée” theme in “The Maid in the Thick of the Well,” above.
This tale type is the one most represented in Folktales of Newfoundland, where there are versions from six male narrators (Halpert and Widdowson 1996; see tales 7–13 and 78–173 for comparative notes). Though it initially appears that Jack’s careless boast that he would play cards with the Devil gets him into trouble, the self-confidence that motivates him also preserves him throughout the story. Jack also demonstrates appropriate behavior in keeping to his bargain. His assertion to the Devil that he is perfectly competent at all the tasks is a trait Pius’s tale shares with the other Newfoundland tellings; it may model the way Newfoundlanders felt a working man should present himself to an employer (Lovelace 2001).
That the Devil’s daughter is called Anne (if named at all) is another feature shared with versions from Stephen Snook of Sagona Island, Fortune Bay, and the Bennett family of St. Paul’s, Northern Peninsula. These are widely separated regions in Newfoundland, but men did travel to the lumber woods, the seal hunt, and the Grand Banks fisheries, so a connection between storytellers could have been made. The personified four winds do not appear anywhere in Folktales of Newfoundland, though their various kinds of “dirty” weather are something any Newfoundlander can appreciate.
The intimidating image of “ninety-nine heads on a spear” with the threat that our hero’s will be the hundredth also appears in “Johnson and the Fellow Traveler” but the requirement of performing a task backwards—bailing in instead of out, using the axe head instead of the blade—is only in this one of Pius’s stories here. The healing properties of walking backwards are known internationally (e.g., Hand and Hand 1971; Misharina 2011), but walking widdershins (counterclockwise) around a church at midnight is inadvisable, as it may summon the Devil (Rilloma 2002). Similarly, picking the worst horse and sword would have been a better choice; Jack fails to follow Anne’s instructions, and only her magic saves them—ultimately through the use of a cross. Perhaps because the Devil’s magic is already backwards, reversing the objects takes away his power, and the cross is a prophylactic against many evil figures.
The card-playing Jack recalls the Irish story “The Son of the King of Erin and the Giant of Loch Lein” from Jeremiah Curtin’s Myths and Folklore of Ireland (1968). The tasks the giant sets for Jack and the daughter whose bones supply the ladder are also similar in that story. The “aunt”—a term also used in many rural areas as an honorific for any old woman in the community, though in this case she is a blood relative—who lives in the house at the edge of the forest and has four giant sons who turn out to be the four winds recalls an Irish tale about a character called the Gobán Saor who ends up in a similar situation in the Teach na Gaoithe (the house of the winds) (Bard Mythologies n.d.). As in those tales, Jack’s wit and some helpful magic see him through the various difficulties he encounters. Since the Power and Brewer families from whom Pius learned his tales originated in County Waterford, these motifs fit the notion that the stories were probably part of a strong Irish oral tradition that continued after they left the old country.
As in “Peg Bearskin,” the cat stories from both Alice and Pius, and “Johnson,” performing a murderous act—throwing a character in the fire or in water or, as here, killing and dismembering her—results not in death but in a magical transformation. In “Jack Shipped to the Devil,” the main character’s error of failing to reattach Anne’s little toe turns out well, allowing the hero to identify his true partner. Beliefs about violence against women having beneficial effects, and the actual enactment of those beliefs, are discussed in Angela Bourke’s The Burning of Bridget Cleary: A True Story (2001). Bridget’s husband Michael burned her to death in 1895 in rural Tipperary, Ireland, apparently because he believed she was a changeling taken by the fairies, and his act would result in her reappearance, riding a white horse, on a nearby hill. The details of her treatment at the hands of her husband and male neighbors are horrific (see Bourke 1995). Bourke suggests that Bridget Cleary’s unconventional behavior and her anomalous position as an educated, bold woman at least in part explain Michael’s actions.
Traditional narratives and other forms of folklore can allow the public acknowledgment of actions in real life, and the same is true of these stories (see Radner 1993). However, it is clear from Pius’s own actions—and, in the stories, from his explicit aside in “Peg Bearskin” that a man “can’t be a husband at all to beat his wife”—that this storyteller both respected and loved the women in his life, and does not condone his characters’ behavior. Again, Pius transferred ideas from the story into his own world. He often referred to women who were particularly helpful in the community or in the family as “daughter Anne” or “the real daughter Anne.” For example, when his daughter Kathleen organized a representation to the school board that resulted in a new school being built, he called her “the real daughter Anne.” He called Anita the same after she was instrumental in bringing about the construction of a new government wharf in the community. Pius called each of his five daughters “daughter Anne” at various times. They were all very acquainted with the reference.