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Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World: Figures

Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World

Figures

Figures

1.1. General plan of Burial Two with photographs of a puma inside a wooden cage and a complete golden eagle

1.2. General plan of Burial Six with photographs of a complete golden eagle and puma head

1.3. Feline crania: jaguar and puma

1.4. Pathologies present on Element 1984: left ulna and radius, and humerus

1.5. Pathologies on eagles: tarsometatarsal (Element 1961), tarsometatarsal (Element 2069), and left and right ulna (Element 191)

1.6. General plan of Burial Three and photograph of canid cranium (Element 574)

1.7. Postholes of cage that surrounded a wolf (Element 213) in Burial Two

1.8. General plan of Burial Five and photograph of a rattlesnake (Element 1021).

2.1. Reconstruction drawing of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan.

2.2. Location of Offering 125, west of the Tlaltecuhtli monolith

2.3. Monumental stone frame in the shape of an inverted, stepped pyramid

2.4. Offering 125: deepest excavation level, with canine skeleton

2.5. Offering 125: uppermost excavation level, with eagle skeletons and marine animals

2.6. Male golden eagle’s wings

2.7. The layers or “dangers” conducting to the Underworld

3.1. Location of Cerro Baúl in southern Peru

3.2. Ten summit contexts, Cerro Baúl

3.3. Key to animals found at Cerro Baúl

3.4. Distribution of animal remains across the site

3.5. Plan view of Unit 26, with detail of llama offering

4.1. Mesoamerica, with San Bartolo and other Late Preclassic Maya sites

4.2. Major sites of excavation at San Bartolo

4.3. Section of the North Wall murals

4.4. The West Wall murals, depicting four sacrifices to the Principal Bird Deity

4.5. Comparison of Preclassic and Late Classic animal taxa from domestic and ritual contexts

5.1. Sites discussed in the text

6.1. Paquimé and the surrounding region

6.2. Paquimé: rooms discussed in the text

6.3. Percentages and frequencies of avian remains found at Paquimé

6.4. Distribution of macaw burials within the main room block at Paquimé

6.5. Base design and profile shape of ceramic hand drums from Paquimé

7.1. Chaco Canyon with locations of Great Houses and the Casa Rinconada study area

7.2. Casa Rinconada, indicating locations of Bc 57, Bc 58, and the Great Kiva

7.3. Artiodactyl Index and Lagomorph Index over time in the American Southwest with Bc 57 and Bc 58 values shown for comparison

7.4. Artiodactyl Index by site over time for Bc 57, Bc 58, 29SJ627, and Pueblo Alto

7.5. Artiodactyl Percent NISP over time for Chaco Canyon sites

7.6. Skeletal-element representation for Room 4, Bc 57

8.1. Study area around Monterey Bay, California

8.2. Fur seal age classes at CA-MNT-234

9.1. Location of Racot, site 18 in the Polish lowlands

9.2. Plan map of a portion of Racot, site 18

9.3. Bone fragmentation of cattle, sheep/goat, and pigs from loam pits, phase IIA

9.4. Bone fragmentation of cattle, sheep/goat, and pigs from internal and external pits, phase IIB

9.5. Distribution of cut and chop marks on skeletons of cattle and sheep/goats.

9.6. Frequency of fracture types for cattle, sheep/goat, and pigs from loam pits, phase IIA

9.7. Frequency of fracture types for cattle, sheep/goat, and pigs from internal and external pits, phase IIB

10.1. Location of sites mentioned in the text

10.2. Survivorship for sheep based on mandibular-wear stages

10.3. Biometric data showing distal breadth measurements for sheep metacarpals

11.1. Location of Kültepe-Kanesh

11.2. Old Assyrian trade network in Anatolia

11.3. City mound and kārum of Kanesh

12.1. Foundation sacrifice, Anyang, Xiaotun

12.2. Reconstruction of ancestral temple for a fu (Fu Hao), Anyang, Xiaotun

12.3. The afterlife of things: charioteer and chariot in Yinxu site-museum chariot display

12.4. Chariots of the ancestors: Anyang, Angang steel works

12.5. A dog death-attendant with bronze bell on top of tomb chamber, Sipanmo, Anyang

12.6. Lu: inscribed trophy deer skull, and antler arrowhead

12.7. Niu: inscribed oracle-bone, and hairpin

13.1. Locations discussed in the text

13.2. Three major monumental contexts: slab burials, deer-stone sites, and khirigsuurs

13.3. Excavated satellite features from Egiin Gol

13.4. Three typical khirigsuurs

13.5. Images and plans of two large khrigsuurs: Urt Balagyn and Shurgan Bayan Am

14.1. Project area and historical kingdoms in and near modern Benin

14.2. Savi Palace region

14.3. Excavations at Locus 2

14.4. Excavations at a shrine

14.5. Nineteenth-century engraving of the Temple of the Python, Ouidah, Benin

15.1. Frequency of pigs: pre-Roman and Roman Italy, and four Roman provincial regions

15.2. Frequency for cattle, sheep/goat, and pig: pre-Roman, Roman Republican, and Imperial contexts, Iberia

15.3. Frequency for domestic and wild mammalian taxa: pre-Roman, Roman Republican, and Imperial contexts, Iberia

15.4. Mean withers heights for cattle, sheep/goat, and pig: Republican and Imperial contexts, Italy

15.5. Ranges and means for cattle withers heights: pre-Roman European contexts and five Roman provincial zones

15.6. Ranges and means for sheep/goat withers heights: pre-Roman European contexts and five Roman provincial zones

16.1. Eastern England: West Stow West and Brandon sites in Suffolk

16.2. Species ratios, faunal assemblages from West Stow West and the original West Stow phases 1–3

16.3. Species ratios for cattle, sheep, and pigs, Early Anglo-Saxon and Middle Anglo-Saxon sites in eastern England

16.4. Mortality profile for sheep from West Stow West

16.5. Species ratios for the main large domestic mammals from Brandon

16.6. Mortality profile for the sheep from Middle Anglo-Saxon Brandon

17.1. Variation in representation of deer remains on sites of different type

17.2. Relative frequency of body parts of deer from Early Anglo-Saxon sites

17.3. Relative frequency of body parts of deer from Middle Anglo-Saxon sites

17.4. Relative frequency of body parts of deer from Late Anglo-Saxon sites

17.5. Relative frequency of body parts of deer from elite, forester/parker, and rural sites, Norman and later medieval period

17.6. Relative frequency of body parts of deer from urban sites, later medieval period

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