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Ancient Households on the North Coast of Peru: Index

Ancient Households on the North Coast of Peru

Index

Index

Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

abandonment, 53(n10), 295

Access databases, 50

agency, individual, 71

agriculturalists, 251; residential mobility, 104–5, 109–10

Ai Apaec, 147, 148

alcoholic beverages, production and consumption of, 72, 219, 224, 225–26, 227, 228

analysis of variance (ANOVA), El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 212, 214(tables)

Ancash, 68–69, 71–72, 88

ancestors, mountains as, 172

Andes, 14, 16, 35, 105; political organization in, 38–39

animals, sacrifices of, 168

animism, female, 142

Annals School, 43

ANOVA. See analysis of variance

archaeology: best practices in, 43–44; data recovery in, 46–48; documentation in, 44–46; formation processes, 48–49; multidisciplinary analyses, 49–51

architectural models: in burials, 167–68, 177–78; symbolism of, 175–76, 300

architectural space, as living entity, 171–72

architecture, 5, 45, 166, 260, 288; at Caylán, 74–75, 81–87, 88; copper models of, 167–68; at El Purgatorio, 209–12; at Huaca Colorada, 179–89; on huacas, 168–70, 174–75; as living entities, 171–72; Moche domestic, 239–40; renovation and renewal of, 19, 172–73, 178; at Ventanillas, 244–46

artifacts, ritual, 140. See also by type

autonomy, 15, 16, 20, 110; economic and political, 297–98; rural settlements, 104–5, 107

Ayabaca, curanderas in, 143–44

ayllu model, 14, 16, 71

batanes, 292, 300; at Caylán, 75, 76, 77, 80–81; at El Purgatorio, 219–20, 222, 223, 226

Batán Grande, 239

Bawden, Garth, 35, 52(n1), 106

beads: stone, 269, 273, 275, 277, 278, 279

Bermann, Marc P., 238

bins, post-emplacement, 186–87, 188

biodistance analysis, Late Moche Period, 266

biological reproduction, 70

Bird Priest, 147

birth, rituals, 156–57

bloodletting, Moche ritual, 148

Bourdieu, Pierre, 238, 289; on capital, 37, 40–41

Bourgeois, Louise, 260

Building A (Talambo), 271, 272

Building B (Talambo), 272–73, 276–77

building programs, ritualized, 179–89

burials, 241, 243; with architectural models, 167, 168, 176–77; Moche, 151–52; Moche figurines in, 148, 149, 154; sacrificial, 186, 187, 188; San José de Moro, 110, 267

Burial Theme, Moche, 172

Cabur, 243

Cajamarca, 20, 281(n5), 292; fineware ceramics, 241, 277, 280; migrants from, 266–67

Cajamarca Floral Cursive wares, 267

Camaná, 13

camelids, 72

canal systems, 41, 240, 241, 266; Jequetepeque Valley, 264, 270, 280; Late Moche Period, 263, 267; Talambo, 268, 278

Cañoncillo, Cerro, and Huaca Colorada, 179, 183

Canuto, Marcello, 208

capital, forms of, 37, 38–42

capullanas, 142–43, 152

Casma Polity, 19, 89, 200, 202, 239; El Purgatorio and, 199, 201, 209

Casma Valley, 203, 204, 205, 225. See also El Purgatorio

Castillo Butters, Luis Jaime, 264, 266

Caylán, 6, 17, 21, 72, 73, 290, 298, 299, 300; architecture, 74–75, 81–87; cercaduras at, 69, 77–81; community organization, 88, 90; excavations at, 75–77; suprahouseholds at, 70, 89; urban landscape at, 91–92

cemetery, at Talambo, 269

ceramics, 45, 179, 278; with architectural models, 168, 169, 176; at Caylán, 73–74, 79; at El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 218–19, 224, 225, 229(nn4, 6); household production of, 241–42; at Huaca Colorada, 119(table); Late Moche period, 266, 267–68; at Pedregal, 252; at Talambo, 270–71, 273–74, 276–77, 280, 294; at Ventanillas, 246, 248; at Wasi Huachuma, 123(table)

ceramic workshops: at Huacas de Moche, 154–55; at Pampa Grande, 151

cercaduras, 68–69, 70, 73, 75, 300, 301; at Caylán, 77–81, 91, 92; spatial logic in, 81–87

ceremonial architecture, 17, 19, 165–66, 173. See also huacas

ceremonial assemblages: in Jequetepeque Valley, 267–68; at Talambo, 273–74

ceremonial centers, 173; in Jequetepeque Valley, 108, 110, 112–18, 165, 280

Cerro Blanco de Nepeña, 71, 73

Cerro Blanco phase, 73

Cerro Campana, 151

Cerro Chepén, 108, 267, 294, 296; and Talambo Canal, 270, 280

Cerro la Cruz, 16

Cerro la Virgen, 35

Cerro Mayal, 154

Cerro Mucho Malo, residential terraces on, 207–8, 216

Cerro Sullivan, 270

Cerro Ventanillas, 245, 246

Cessford, Craig, 238

Chachapoyas, fineware ceramics, 241

Chan Chan, 15, 35, 71, 239, 240, 270; cercaduras, 68, 89

Chan Chan: Andean Desert City (Moseley and Day), 15

Chankillo, 205

Chao Valley, 16, 239

Charcape, 273

Chavez Hualpa, Fabiola, 143

Chavín de Huántar, 205

Chavín religion, 72; at Ancash, 68–69

Chicama Valley, 15, 173, 239, 243

chicha, production and consumption of, 72, 219, 224, 225–26, 227, 228

chiefdoms, 71

Childe, V. Gordon, 203–4

childbirth rituals, 156–57

Chimú-Casma, 16

Chimú Empire/State, 7, 15, 16, 20, 89, 239, 240, 291, 295, 296, 300; ceramic production, 241–42; cercaduras and, 68, 91; in Jequetepeque Valley, 248, 250–51, 252; at Talambo, 268, 269, 270, 280

Chimú Period, 19, 143; Talambo, 269, 270, 293

Chotuna, 246, 248

chronotopic spaces, Moche huacas as, 172–73

chullpas, 291

chungos, 75. See also grindstones, grinding stones

cities, and social diversity, 203–4

Ciudad de Dios, 273

ciudadela, 15

coca, 114, 145, 153

Coca Chewing Ceremony, 143, 155

Collier, Donald, 205

colonnaded architecture, 83. See also patio groups

Colonial Period, 14, 142–43, 241

commoners, 15, 16, 17; at El Purgatorio, 199–200, 201, 202–3, 209, 213, 215, 226–27; high status, 216–20, 222–23, 229(n6); low-status, 223–26; middle-status, 221–22; Moche, 110, 166; social diversity, 204–5

communities, community, 7, 8, 15, 128, 301, 302; alternate social worlds, 262–63; at Caylán, 88, 92; continuity of, 166–67; as cooperative/ceremonial bodies, 177–78; Early Horizon, 89–90; imagined, 103–4; mobile, 104–6

community archaeology, 3, 208

Compound-E (Caylán), 69, 91; artifacts in, 79–81; spatial logic in, 81–87; structure of, 78–79

Compound 9 (Huacas de Moche), 90–91

compounds, 17, 45, 68, 69, 88, 89, 90, 243, 252; at Caylán, 77–81; models of, 176–77; spatial organization of, 81–87; Ventanillas, 247–48. See also cercaduras

concilios, 243

co-residence, 38, 103, 106

corporate strategies, 6, 7, 21, 71, 177, 295

cosmology, 290, 291

cotton production, Pedregal, 251

craft production, 11, 15, 17, 35, 38–39, 45, 112, 290; Talambo, 273, 277–78, 279

Crown, Patricia, 238

cuisine, 238. See also diet; foodstuffs

cults, Moche, 295

cultural capital, 42

cultural-ecological approach, 238

Cupisnique religion, 69, 72

curacas, 42

curandismo, curanderas, 143–44, 153

Daggett, Richard E., 74

data recovery, 50; comprehensive, 46–48

Davis, Allison R., 208

dedicatory rituals, 299; sacrifices, 168–69, 185–86

demographics, Caylán Compound-E, 86–87

deposition processes, 47–48

diet, at Talambo, 271, 272–73

Dillehay, Tom D., 107, 110, 240, 264

diversity, 5, 14, 289, 293, 294

documentation, of household histories, 44–46

domestic activities, 70, 297; at Caylán, 75–77

domestic rituals, 21–22, 109

Dos Cabezas, 293

Doty, Mark, “Essay: The Love of Old Houses,” 260, 261

drought, Late Moche Period, 173

drum-playing, female figurines, 145, 150

duality, ayllu system, 14

dwellings, 6; household development cycle, 45–46

Early Horizon, 17, 42, 70, 73; in Ancash, 68–69, 88; at Caylán, 74–75, 79, 81, 298; community structure, 89–90

Early Intermediate Period, 15, 171, 205, 239

ecological zones, 105, 126

economic capital, 41, 42

economic rounds, 106, 110

economic specialization, Andean urbanism, 204

economies, 11, 12, 22, 290; autonomy, 297–98

El Brujo, 243

elite-commoner interactions, 166

elite compounds, at Chan, 15

elites, 15, 17, 20, 36, 40, 89, 112, 168, 291, 300; coastal-highland identity, 293–94; community continuity, 166–67; at El Purgatorio, 201, 203; and huaca residences, 169–70, 174–75; in Jequetepeque Valley, 104, 242–50, 253, 263, 266, 279

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, 240–41; Late Moche, 173, 266

El Purgatorio, 16, 19, 21, 74, 89, 204, 228, 229(nn8, 12), 291, 297, 299, 300; commoners at, 199–200, 202–3, 215; high-status residences at, 216–20; low-status residences at, 223–26; neighborhood archaeology at, 199–200, 208–12; occupation sequence of, 205–6; patio groups at, 221–24; residential districts, 200–201, 206–8; room functions at, 212–13; social diversity, 226–27; storage rooms, 220–21

El Purgatorio Archaeological Project (PAEP), 202, 205–6

empires, 40, 53(n7)

ENSO. See El Niño–Southern Oscillation

entryways, in Caylán cercaduras, 86

environment, instability of, 173, 240–41, 266, 279–80

Envidia, La, 144

“Essay: The Love of Old Houses” (Doty), 260, 261

ethnic identity, 5

ethnoarchaeology, 45

ethnographic analogy, 12, 13–14

exchange networks, 292, 296; Late Moche, 260, 264–66

expedient structures, at Huaca Colorada, 112–14, 126

experimental archaeology, 45

extended families, 14, 87, 89, 226

face-neck jars, 241, 269, 270, 273, 274, 279

family, 12, 14, 38, 52(n4), 226

Farfán, 89, 243, 252, 270

feasting, 112, 253, 298, 301; elite residences, 90–91; El Purgatorio, 203, 219

Feline Headdress Female, 145, 153–55, 159; and childbirth rituals, 156–57

felines, in Moche culture, 153–55

females: life cycle, 19; Moche depictions of, 139–40, 143–48, 150–59; shamans, 142–44

festivals, 147. See also feasting

figurines: Feline Headdress Female, 153–55; iconography of, 17–19; Labretted Lady, 150–53, 158–59; Moche, 39, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144–48, 157–58, 295, 301; Priestess, 148–50; Talambo, 273, 274, 277

figurative artifacts, 139–40, 277; iconography of, 17–19

fineware ceramics, 5, 114, 241, 273–74, 277, 280

fishers, 104–5, 120

flooding, ENSO-related, 240–41

flutes, as male instruments, 150

folk religions, 300

food production and processing, 11, 17, 38, 121, 291, 296, 300; at Caylán, 75, 80–81; El Purgatorio Sector B South, 219–20, 222–23, 224; Ventanillas, 246–47

foodstuffs, 202, 238, 248; at Talambo, 271, 272–73, 276

formation processes, identifying, 48–49

fortified hilltop sites, 240

Fung Pineda, Rosa, 205

gable-roofed structures, 179, 181; models of, 167, 168–69, 176–77

Galindo, 8, 15, 35, 68, 106, 148, 263, 270, 294

Gallito Ciego Dam Project, 268

gender, 12; enculturation, 21–22; of figurative artifacts, 6, 18–19, 141, 145–53

gender roles, 40, 241; Moche, 139–40, 151–52

genitalia, depictions of, 157

geoarchaeology, 49

goods, access to, 227–28

grave goods, architectural models of, 167, 168

grindstones, grinding stones, 292, 300; at Caylán, 75, 76, 77, 80–81; at El Purgatorio, 219–20

Grupo Gallinazo, 89

Heavy Stone Wall (El Purgatorio), and Sector B South, 216, 218

high status commoners, at El Purgatorio, 216–20, 222–23, 226

histories, household, 45–46

Hodder, Ian, 238

households, 15, 19, 70, 169, 259; archaeological definition of, 5, 10, 52(n2); El Purgatorio configurations, 200–201; histories of, 44–46; resistance, 39–40; as social constructs, 106–7; spatial and temporal contexts of, 3–4; as structuring agents, 37–38

household studies, 16–17

houses, 302; materiality of, 5–6

house society (société à maison), 12–13, 170, 260, 298

Huaca Cao Viejo, 173, 174

Huaca Colorada, 9, 19, 21, 22, 106, 108, 110, 111, 151, 165, 167, 178, 180, 240, 241, 267, 280, 295, 296, 301; construction and abandonment of, 179, 181–89; population circulation model and, 126–28; renovations at, 170, 174; as ritual center, 112–18; social reproduction at, 189–90; temporary and permanent structures at, 122–24, 298

Huaca de la Luna, 145, 154, 172, 173, 174, 174, 175

Huaca Fortaleza, 174, 175, 189

Huaca Lercanlech, 188

Huaca Loro, 188

Huaca Partida, 71

Huaca Prieta, 68

Huaca Rajada, 167–68

huacas, 178, 243, 265; ceremonial architecture on, 168–70; as elite residences, 174–75, 298; Moche iconography of, 172–73, 175–76; symbology of, 298–99; at Talambo, 268, 269–70; at Ventanillas, 244–45, 248

Huacas de Moche, 15, 18, 21, 71, 106, 140, 170, 263, 291, 294, 298, 299; ceramic workshop in, 154–55; Compound 9 excavations, 90–91

Huambacho, 71, 73, 90

Huambocayán phase, 73

Húanaco Pampa, 39

Huancabamba, 143

Huarez, 205

human capital, 41

humans, sacrifices of, 168, 186, 188

iconography, 42, 300; of figurative artifacts, 17–19; Moche, 171, 172–73, 175–76, 178, 274, 279, 292; Moche figurative, 143, 145–48, 158

identity, 5, 13, 139, 142, 177, 296, 299; elite, 293–94; households and, 70, 204; in Late Moche Period, 157–58

identity formation, 109, 175

identity theory, 208–9

ideology: Moche, 294–95, 298; of place, 289

illnesses, female shamans and, 143, 153

imagined communities, 103–4

inequality, 296, 297, 300; material, 201, 202, 203

inheritance, 13, 45

Initial Period, 17, 42, 72, 73

Inka Empire, 8, 39, 71, 291, 295; ceramic production, 241–42; at Pedregal, 251–52

in-migration, 202, 266–67

irregular structures, at El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 213, 223–24, 226–27

irrigation systems, 41, 240, 241, 263; Jequetepeque Valley, 264, 266, 270, 280; at Talambo, 277–78

Jatanca, 89, 90

Jequetepeque Valley, 13, 17, 20, 89, 174, 177, 208, 238, 239, 261, 280, 292, 293, 301; Chimú conquest of, 250–51; ENSO-related flooding, 240–41; excavation in, 109–10; exchange networks, 260, 264–65; Late Intermediate Period, 242–50, 253; Late Moche Period, 263–68, 294, 298, 299; mobile communities in, 104–7, 297; residential patterns in, 111–14, 122–23, 124, 126–28

Kabyle house, 289

Keatinge, Richard, 35

kinship systems, 12, 14, 37, 70, 291

kitchens, at Chan, 15

labor, 14, 37, 42, 43; capital as, 40–41

Labretted Lady, figurines, 140, 145, 150–53, 158, 301

labret piercings, 143, 152

La Leche Valley, 239

Lambayeque Period, 19, 20, 140, 293; Talambo, 275–77

Lambayeque tradition, 143, 152, 239, 240, 248, 280; ceramic production, 241–42; Late Intermediate period, 242–43

Lambayeque Valley, 35–36, 143, 188, 239; and Jequetepeque Valley, 243–44; Late Moche period in, 174, 263, 299

Late Horizon Period, 38, 295; at Talambo, 270, 280–81

Late Intermediate Period (LIP), 38, 91, 200, 253, 260, 268, 291, 293, 295, 296, 297; ceramic production, 241–42; household organization, 239–40; sociopolitical reorganization, 237, 238; at Talambo, 270, 280

Late Moche Period, 17, 183, 260, 292, 293; environmental instability, 279–80; exchange networks, 264–66; female iconography, 157–58; Jequetepeque Valley, 105–6, 263–64, 266–68, 298, 299; residential patterns, 104, 111–14, 122–23, 124, 126–28; rural populations, 107–9; social and environmental change, 173–74; sociopolitical reorganization, 237, 240–41; Talambo, 68–77, 271–75, 281, 295–96

Late Sicán Period, 239; platforms, 245–46

leadership, labret use, 152

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, on société à maison, 170, 260

lineages, corporate, 42

LIP. See Late Intermediate Period

Llacama, La, 153

llama, at Huaca Colorada, 114

low-status commoners, El Purgatorio, 223–27

Lukurmata, 238

lunar imagery, Moche, 148

macroreligious forces, 293

Mac Sweeney, Naoise, 208

maize, 72, 114, 251; beer production, 90–91

males, 150; Moche depictions of, 139, 140, 145, 147

Manchán, 16, 36, 89, 228

maquetas, 176–77

marriage patterns, 12

material culture: at Caylán, 75, 76, 77, 79–81; inequality, in El Purgatorio, 201, 202, 203. See also by type

materialism, 290, 291

materiality, 4–6, 262, 290

Matsigenka Indians, 13

middle class/status: at El Purgatorio, 201, 215, 221–23, 226; at Huacas de Moche, 294

Middle Horizon Period, 91, 171, 200, 239, 290, 292, 295

Middle Moche period, 263; irrigation systems, 264, 278; at Talambo, 270, 271–75

middle-range theory, 44–45

Middle Sicán polity, 239

midwives, 143–44

migration, Late Moche Period, 266–67

mobility, 17, 225, 293, 299; Jequetepeque Valley communities, 104–6, 109–10, 297; Moche commoner, 110–11

Moche culture, 5, 15, 36, 38, 42, 68, 89, 106, 189, 239, 240, 273, 292, 300; architectural models, 175–77; architecture, 171–72; ceremonial structures, 165–66; elite residences, 174–75; elite roles in, 166–67; Feline Headdress Female, 153–55; figurative artifacts, 17–19, 39, 143, 144–48; gender in, 139–40, 297; ideology, 294–95; Labretted Lady figurines, 150–53; mobile social units, 107–8, 110–11; priestess figures, 148–50; social and environmental change in, 173–74; social identity, 142, 177–78

Moche Period, 19, 269

Moche Valley, 35, 172, 239, 299

mollusks, in El Purgatorio Sector B South, 219, 227

monumental architecture, 42; at Ventanillas, 244–46

moon, Moche iconography, 148

Morgan, Louis Henry, 199

mountains, as deified ancestors, 172

multidisciplinary analyses, 49–51, 300

murals, Huaca de la Luna, 172

Murra, Jack, 71

musical instruments, in Moche figurative arts, 145, 147, 150, 153

musicians, Moche figurative, 145, 147, 150

neighborhood archaeology, at El Purgatorio, 199–200, 208–12

neighborhoods, 7–8, 204; Caylán, 78, 90; El Purgatorio Sector B South, 215, 216–20

Nepeña Phase, 73, 90, 91

Nepeña Valley, 17, 69, 71–72, 73, 90, 290

Netting, Robert McC., 35, 52(n6)

nobility, labor extraction, 40

nuclear families, 14, 226

occupation(s), 42; duration of, 45–46, 53(n11)

occupation sequence: El Purgatorio, 205–6; Ventanillas, 244

offerings, Huaca Colorada construction, 186, 187, 188–89

organic remains, at El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 212, 227

orthogonal buildings: at El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 211, 226; and patio groups, 221–22

Owl Deity, Moche whistle, 147

Pacatnamú, 239, 242–43, 247, 253, 293, 296

Pachacamac, 68

PAEP. See El Purgatorio Archaeological Project

paleobotanical materials: at El Purgatorio, 212, 227; at Huaca Colorado, 114, 115(table); in Jequetepeque Valley, 128, 248, 249–50(table); at Talambo, 272, 276; at Wasi Huachuma, 124(table)

Pampa de Colorado, 270

Pampa de las Llamas, 36

Pampa de las Llamas–Moxeke, 205

Pampa de Mojucape, 179

Pampa Grande, 17, 21, 36, 68, 71, 106, 143, 263, 295; elite residences on, 174–75; figurative artifacts from, 140, 144, 151–52; Labretted Lady figurines, 152–53, 158–59, 301

Pañamarca, 71

panpipes, Caylán, 79

parcialidades, 13, 42, 71

patio groups, at El Purgatorio Sector B South, 221–23, 226

patios, covered, 84–85

PATO. See Proyecto Arqueológico de Talambo Oeste

PD. See Provenience Data files

peasants, resistance of, 39, 238

Pedregal, 7, 22, 239, 242, 251–52, 253, 291, 296

pendants: Moche figurative, 144–48; from Talambo, 277

permanent structures, 118, 122–23; at Wasi Huachuma, 120, 121–22

Piura region, curanderas, 143–44

Pizzaro, Pedro, 143

place, ideology of, 289

platform mounds, platforms, 78, 177; ceremonial stepped, 178, 179, 180–83; Late Intermediate Period, 244–46; private chambers on, 185–86; public visibility of, 183–85

plaza-compound structure, 17; at Caylán, 82–85

Plaza-E (Caylán), 82–83, 84

plazas, 17; Caylán cercaduras, 78; at Huaca Colorada, 181, 183

politicoeconomic-ritual round, 108

politics, 38, 41, 46, 40; autonomy, 297–98; and domestic realm, 292, 293

population circulation model, for Jequetepeque Valley, 124, 126–28

population movement, 105

Portachuelo de Charcape, 109–10, 267, 280; maqueta of, 176–77

post emplacement structures, at Huaca Colorada, 186–87, 188–89

pottery. See ceramics

Povinelli, Elizabeth A., 262

Power relations, 289

Pozorski, Shelia G., 35

practice theory, 208–9

Presentation Theme, Moche figurine representations, 143, 148

prestige, 42; architectural indicators, 209, 218

priestess burials, at San José de Moro, 176

priestess cult, at San José de Moro, 265

Priestess figures, 145, 147, 149, 158; contexts of, 148, 150

prisoner capture, Moche, 171

production, 38, 288; organization of, 11, 89, 175

Provenience Data (PD) files, 50

Proyecto Arqueológico de Talambo Oeste (PATO), 271

Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica Ventanillas, 244

public architecture, scale models of, 176–77

Punkuri, 71

Quebrada Santa Cristina, 36

quincha walls: at El Purgatorio, 210, 221; at Talambo, 271, 272

radiocarbon dates, Ventanillas, 244, 245

ramps, in Jequetepeque Valley, 243

rattles: and childbirth, 156; double-chamber, 145, 153, 154

rebellions, household organized, 39

religion, Moche, 171, 300–301

renewal, architectural, 169

renovation, architectural, 19, 169, 170, 172–73, 178

reproduction, 169, 178, 289

residences, 12, 15, 44, 203, 246, 298, 299; elite, 90–91, 174–75; high-status, 216–20; storage rooms and, 220–21; temporary and permanent, 111–14, 120, 121–23, 124, 126–28, 293, 297

residential districts, El Purgatorio, 200–201, 206–8, 216–20

resilience, 237; household, 238, 295–96

resistance, 39–40, 166, 238, 295

resources, access to, 201, 248

revolts, peasant, 39

ritual(s), 147, 153, 251, 267, 289, 295; access to, 227–28; birth, 156–57; dedicatory and termination, 168–69, 185–86; domestic, 21–22, 109; Huaca Colorada building, 179–89; Late Moche, 264–66; on Moche huacas, 173, 175–76

ritual centers, Huaca Colorada as, 112–18, 165

ritual practitioners, 166

ritual rounds, 106, 110

roads, Inka, 252

royal residences, at Chan Chan, 15

royalty, labor extraction, 40

rulership, female, 142–43

rupture, archaeological models of, 261–62

rural sector, 17, 38, 40, 238, 300; autonomy, 297–98; Jequetepeque Valley, 240–42; Late Moche period, 108–9; settlement autonomy, 104–5, 107

sacred knowledge, 42

sacred space(s), 176, 202

sacrifice, 148, 166, 170, 299, 301; dedicatory rites, 168, 185–86; Huaca Colorada, 19, 167, 187, 188; Moche, 171, 173

Sahlins, Marshall, 238

Samanco, 71, 73, 90

San Ildefonso, ceremonial ceramics at, 267–68

San José de Moro, 20, 108, 110, 143, 241, 243, 267, 278, 279, 280, 293, 295, 298, 301; burials with maquetas at, 176, 177; exchange networks, 260, 296; figurative artifacts from, 140, 148, 151, 158; ritual exchange networks, 265–66

Santa Rita B, 273

Santa Rosa–Quirihuac, 270, 273

scale, 4, 7–8

scepter, with architectural models, 167–68

screening, 46–48, 53(n9), 300

Sector A (El Purgatorio), 206

Sector B South (El Purgatorio), 199, 215, 229(nn8, 12); architecture of, 209–12; ceramics in, 218–19; description of, 207–8; high status commoners in, 216–20; household configuration at, 200–201; low-status commoners in, 223–26; material inequality in, 202, 203; middle status commoners in, 221–23; room functions, 212–13; social diversity, 204–5, 226–27; storage rooms, 220–21

Sector C (El Purgatorio), 207

Sector D (El Purgatorio), 207

semiorthonogal buildings, in El Purgatorio Sector B South, 210, 212

señorios, 13, 71

Serrano Canal, 267

settlement patterns, 240; in Jequetepeque Valley, 110, 270

shamans, shamanism, 19; female, 142, 143–44; feline transformation by, 153–55

shellfish: at Talambo, 271, 272, 276; at Ventanillas, 248, 249–50(table)

sherd discs, at Caylán, 79

sherd size, and formation processes, 48

sherd wear, and formation processes, 48–49

Shimada, Izumi, 35–36

Sicán Period, in Lambayeque Valley, 188

Sipán, 298; scepter from, 167, 168

SJM fineline wares, 267–68; at Talambo, 273–74, 277

smallholdings, smallholders, 38, 52–53(n6)

small irregular agglutinated rooms (SIAR), 15

snails (Scutalus proteus), Jequetepeque Valley consumption of, 248

social capital, 41–42

social constructs, households as, 106–7

social diversity, 203; El Purgatorio, 19, 200, 204–5, 226–27

Social History movement, 43

social identity, in Moche society, 142, 177–78

social production/reproduction, 9, 10, 12, 70, 178, 202; at Huaca Colorada, 189–90

social status, 38, 40, 42, 46, 152; architecture and, 166, 209–12; at El Purgatorio, 200, 201, 202–3, 213, 215, 216–27; of Talambo residents, 276–77

social units, 17, 103, 200, 289; household as, 10, 12, 107–8, 259

société à maison, 12–13, 170, 260, 298

sociopolitical organization, 45, 297, 298, 299; changes in, 10, 17, 39–40, 173–74, 237, 238, 291–93

soga y cabeza adobes, 218

space, 10, 13, 289, 290, 297; social identity and, 177–78; use of, 88–89

spindle whorls, 79, 80, 152

Spondylus shell, as dedicatory offerings, 186, 187

state formation, 204

stepped platforms, 178; at Huaca Colorado, 179, 180–89

storage rooms, El Purgatorio Sector B South, 220–21, 222

streets, Caylán, 78

Strombus Monster, 147

supernatural beings, on whistles, 144, 147–48

suprahouseholds, 300; at Caylán, 70, 89

Sute Bajo, 71, 73

Swenson, Edward R., 264

symbolism, 4, 8–9, 290; of huacas, 298–99. See also iconography

tablados, 177

Talambo, 20, 46, 241, 260, 281(n4), 292–93, 294; description of, 268–71; Late Horizon, 280–81; Middle/Late Moche Period, 271–75; Moche collapse at, 277–78; resilience, 295–96; Transitional Period/early Lambayeque period, 275–77

Talambo Canal, 268, 270, 278, 280; household proximity to, 274–75

talismans, 144, 158

tapia floors, 111–12

Tecapa, 184

Tello, Julio, 205

temporary structures, temporales, 123, 293, 294, 298; at Huaca Colorada, 112–14; in Jequetepeque Valley, 111–12; at Wasi Huachuma, 120, 121–22

termination rites, 168, 179, 299

terraces: at El Purgatorio, 207–8; at Talambo, 270

textile production, 80, 253

theater, funerary activities as, 177

Thompson, Donald E., 205

Tiwanaku polity, 238

tombs, symbolic, 177

Topic, John, 35

Transitional Period, 20, 260, 280; Huaca Colorada construction, 183–84; Talambo, 275–77, 281, 292, 296

trumpets, as male instruments, 150

Túcume, 239

urban anthropology, 208–9

urban centers, 14, 17, 35, 40, 69, 70, 107, 204, 239; Caylán, 75, 84, 91–92; El Purgatorio as, 199–200; Moche, 140, 142

urbanism, 88, 92, 200, 201, 202, 228, 263

Urban Zone (Huacas de Moche), ceramic workshop, 154–55

U-shaped rooms, Jequetepeque Valley, 243

variability, 20–21; of household materiality, 5–6

Ventanillas, 20, 22, 242, 243, 253, 293, 296, 299; botanical and shellfish remains at, 249–50(table); excavations, 247–48; food preparation, 246–47; monumental architecture at, 244–46

verticality models, 71

Virú Valley, 89

visibility, of platforms, 183–85

Vogel, Melissa, 202

war clubs, architectural models on, 168

warfare, Moche, 171

Wari State, 266

Warrior Narrative, 148

Wasi Huachuma, 17, 21, 110, 111–12; functions of, 118–19; layout of, 119–20; permanent and temporary habitations, 121–22, 123–24; population circulation model and, 126–28

water management, at Talambo, 277–78, 281(n4)

wealth, at El Purgatorio, 19

weaving, Moche iconography, 151–52

Wernke, Steven A., 208

whistles, Moche, 18, 140, 141, 145, 147–48, 301

Wilk, Richard R., 35, 238

Williams León, Carlos, 205

Winckelmann, Johann, 199

women, 139; gender roles, 151–52

workshops, 38, 39, 175

Yaeger, Jason, 208

Zaña Valley, 107, 239; migration into, 266–67

zooarchaeological remains: at El Purgatorio, 212, 227; at Huaca Colorada, 116–18(table); in Jequetepeque Valley, 128; at Talambo, 272, 276; at Wasi Huachuma, 125–26(table)

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