Index
Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
'Abbas, Shah, 243
abundance, 3–4; as category, 11–12
achiote seeds, at Cerén, 109–10
adornment, northern Plains, 24
aesthetics: of Chinese porcelain, 231, 242; of statehood, 214–15; of spectacle, 207
Africa, 7. See also Ghana; Senegal
Agde, 192
agency, 15, 50, 100, 181, 192-194, 215
agriculture, 8, 12, 13–14, 35, 120, 184; Andes, 141, 142; at Cerén, 97, 99, 100–102, 106; differential abundance, 168–69; food distribution and storage, 167–68; problems of, 165–66; Puebloan, 67, 70–72, 83
Alabama, Paleoindian and Archaic in, 55
Alca obsidian source, 139, 148, 156
alcohol, in Senegal, 216
Amerindian Perspectivism, 50
ammonites, Blackfoot use of, 29–30
amphorai, 10; distribution of Greek, 189, 190–91, 192
Ancestral Puebloans, 66; agriculture, 67, 70–72; feasting, 68, 77–82; pottery production and use, 73–76
Andalusia, Iberian sites in, 186, 194
Andes: agriculture, 141; barter, 166; obsidian trade in, 14–15, 139, 140, 148–56
animals, 8, 9; social relationships with, 48, 50, 51
Animal Spirits, 51
animate beings, 50–51
apiary goods, Maya trade in, 118
Archaic period, 29; diet, 52–53; entangled lifeworld, 54–56; Ohio Valley, 13, 45–46, 51–52; social and ideological knowledge, 53–54
architecture, 9; feasting and, 68, 78
Ardebil Shrine, Chinese porcelain collection in, 234, 243–44
Arkansas, Archaic period, 55
art, Islamic and Buddhist, 234–35, 246(n1)
artifacts: accumulation of, 68, 72–76; production of, 7, 50
Assiniboine, 36
Atlantic period: commodities, 204, 216–17; peasants, 215–16; Senegambian elites, 203–4, 212–15
auctions, of Chinese porcelain, 242, 243
Aude, 184
aurochs, at Çatalhöyük, 173–74
Austria, 186
Awatimarka family, 166
Balsaspata, 155
barter, resource distribution, 166
Basketmaker III period, 79, 82, 83
Bataille, Georges, on economic excess, 205, 207, 217–18
Batavia (Jakarta), Chinese porcelain trade, 240
beads, in burials, 7
Beaver Indians (Dunne-za), 50, 51
Beazley, J. D., 182
Beazley Archive, 182
Beaucaire, 191
bejuco vine, 121–22
Belize, 105
Berlin, 244
bifaces, Archaic, 55–56
bioarchaeology, of Archaic hunter-gatherers, 46
birds: Blackfoot use of, 36–37; on Missouri River, 35–36
bison, 13, 37; communal hunting of, 32–33, 35; hunting complexes, 23–24, 28–29; and painted tipis, 31–32; processing, 26–27
Black Buffalo Lodge, 31
Blackfoot, 25, 35; on abundance, 26–27; bird use by, 36–37; bison-hunting complexes of, 23, 28–29; ritual wealth of, 29–33
blades, obsidian, 105
bone clusters, at Çatalhöyük, 173
Bouches-du-Rhône, Greek pottery at, 184
boundaries, Celt-Iberian, 187
bow-and-arrow making, 30
bowls, 68; Mesa Verde Puebloan use of, 73–76, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84
Brings-down-the-Sun, 37
Buddhist art, and Yuan dynasty porcelain, 235
Buffalo Women (Matoki) Society, 32
Bull Chaser (Old Bull) Society, 32
bundles, sacred, 24, 29–31, 33, 34
burials, 79; Archaic period, 51–52; beads in, 7, 9; royal, 209; Senegal, 208–11
cacao: at Cerén, 108, 112; Maya production and trade in, 123–24, 130
Cachichupa, 155
California coast, hunter-gatherer-fisher groups, 167
camelids, 142
campsites: bison-hunting, 23–24, 27–28; Chunchucmil area, 128, 129
Cancuen, jade production, 130
Canton, porcelain trade, 239, 245
captives: northern Plains, 24; Senegambia, 202–3, 214
carcass processing, bison, 27
cargo system, Maya, 100
Cástulo, Iberian sites in, 186, 194
Çatalhöyük, 14, 165; food storage and distribution, 168, 169–75
Catalonia, Iberian sites in, 186
Catlin, George, 37
cattle, at Çatalhöyük, 173–74
Celt-Iberians, 186
Celts, 15; Halstatt culture and, 185–86; and Iberians, 186–87; Greek Mediterranean, 184–85
Central Pampa (Pukara), 147–48; lithics from, 151
ceramics, 195(n3); analysis of, 181–82; at Cerén, 97–98, 101; Chinese, 229–39; Greek, 15, 182–83, 184, 187–94. See also porcelain
ceremonial objects, northern Plains, 24
ceremonies, 77, 85, 145; Cerén, 103, 108, 112–13. See also feasting
Cerén, 14, 101; feasting structure at, 108–10, 112; households at, 11, 97–98, 103–6, 111; manioc at, 102–3; metate production at, 106–8; preservation at, 95–96; and regional economy, 99–100
Charlottenburg Palace, Chinese porcelain in, 244
Chenghua emperor, 238
chert: Colha, 130; Ohio River Valley, 51; Pukara, 150
Chiggerville (15Oh1) shell midden, 52, 54
China, 8; maritime trade, 231–32; Ming dynasty porcelain, 236–39; porcelain trade, 15–16, 243–45; Qing dynasty porcelain, 240–43; Yuan dynasty porcelain, 232–36
chipped stone artifacts, at Cerén, 105
Chivay obsidian source, 15, 139, 148, 149, 153, 154, 156
Ch’orti’, 96
Chunchucmil, 14, 119, 120, 121, 127; savanna resources, 128–30; trade and exchange, 131–32
cities: economies of, 3, 12, 110, 120, 123, 129; social relationships among, 129
Classic period (Maya), 14, 95; plant fiber production, 123–25; trade, 117, 119–21
cobalt, in Yuan dynasty porcelains, 234, 235
cofradias, 100
Colca Valley, obsidian from, 144, 148
Colha, 130
collective engagement, 131
colonies, Greek, 15, 182–83, 184, 187–94
colonization, of northwestern Plains, 35
commodities, 33–34; Senegambia, 203–4, 213, 214, 216–17; Zapotitan Valley, 111–12
commoners: Maya economy and, 131; in Senegambia, 215–17
complementarity, horizontal and vertical, 141
concealment, of surplus resources, 167, 168, 169–70, 174
consumption, consumption networks, 10, 230; Greek Mediterranean, 15, 182–83, 187–94; West African, 15, 201, 216–17. See also exchange; feasting; trade, trade networks
cooking jars/pots: Çatalhöyük, 171–72, 174; Mesa Verde Puebloan, 73–76, 82, 84
Copan, 123; pottery from, 98, 101
corn. See maize
cotton: in Central Andes, 141; Maya trade in, 118
Court of Imperial Entertainments, porcelain orders, 236–37
craft production, wasteful, 153–54
craft specialization, 5, 8; Maya, 119–23, 130; in northern Plains, 36, 37; in Titicaca Basin, 142–43
Crete, storehouses, 10
Crow Lodge, 31
currency, horses and eagle feathers as, 37
Cypress Creek drainage, Archaic hunter-gatherers on, 46
Dalles, the, as trade center, 24
Dalton period, 55
“death lodge” monuments, 32
debitage: obsidian, 15, 153–54; at Oldovai, 7
decoration/design: on Chinese porcelain, 232, 233–36, 237, 241–42
Delaware, food distribution and storage, 166, 167
Diakhao, political economy of, 213–14
diet, Archaic, 52–53
Dillard site, 82; feasting, 77, 78, 79
Directorate for Palace Delicacies, 237
discard. See waste
displacement, Siin, 215
display: at Çatalhöyük, 173–74; of Chinese porcelains, 243–44; of wealth, 207
distribution: of food, 77, 166–67, 168, 170–74; and globalized trade, 15–16, 230
drinking vessels, Greek, 189
driveline systems, bison hunting, 27, 31
Dust Cave, 55
Dutch East India Company, shipwreck, 240–43
dwelling perspective, 49
eagles, northern Plains use of, 36–37
East India Companies, Chinese porcelain, 230, 240–43
economies, 201; excessive, 15, 203–4, 205, 207, 217–19; long-distance networks, 34–35; Maya, 14, 111–12, 117–19, 131–32; scarcity in, 65–66, 69–70; Titicaca Basin, 141–48, 154–56; Zapotitan Valley regional, 99–100
egalitarianism, food storage and distribution, 167–68
Egypt, 8–9
El Carambolo, 186
elites: economic control, 5, 131, 201; Senegambia, 203–4, 207, 209–10, 213–15, 216–17
Emporion, Greek trade, 184, 187, 189, 191, 194
entanglements, 4; archaeological evidence of, 55–56; Ohio Valley Archaic, 54–55
environment: relationships with, 49; resources in, 11–12
ethnic groups, in Greek colonies, 15, 184–86, 193–94
Etruscan goods, Greek Mediterranean, 184, 190
Europe, Chinese porcelains in, 232, 244
exchange, 141; Chunchucmil, 131–32; long-distance, 34–35; sharing as form of, 100–101; surplus and, 96, 112
factory, Jingdezhen porcelain, 236–39
fallowing, at Cerén, 99
families, 37, 77, 104, 166, 212
famine, colonialism and, 219
faunal remains: at Cerén, 109; and feasting, 68, 80, 81, 173
feasting, 9, 13, 101, 217; ancestral Puebloan, 78–82, 83; at Cerén, 108–10; communal, 13, 68, 85, 172–173; role of, 76–77
Fidler, Peter, 28
field houses, Chunchucmil, 129
Firehouse site (12D563), 53
fire installations, at Çatalhöyük, 172–73
fishing, Pacific Northwest, 51
food, 6, 52, 104; distribution and storage of, 166–67, 169–74; in feasting, 83–84; hunter-gatherer perceptions of, 47–48; variable supply of, 8, 13–14, 165–66, 168–69, 215, 219
foraging societies. See hunter-gatherers
forest resources, Maya use of, 123–24
Formative period (Andes): economies, 139, 141–48; obsidian trade, 14–15, 154, 156
fortified towns, in Europe, 185
Fourth Dynasty (Egypt), 8
France, 9; and Greece, 15, 184, 185, 187–94, 195(n6)
funerary concessions, Siin, 211
Furtwängler, Adolf, 182
Galicia, 186
Gard, 184
Geldermalsen, Chinese porcelain on, 240–43, 245
gender, and craft specialization, 122
geochemical analysis, of obsidian, 141, 149
gift giving, gifts, 30, 31, 33–34, 48
Girona, 184
globalization, and Chinese porcelain, 230
Göbekli Tepe, 9
goods, access to, 131
graffiti, on Egyptian religious sites, 8–9
grasslands, management of, 28
Grass Mesa Village, 83
Great Britain, Chinese porcelains in, 244
great kivas: as communal space, 82–83; feasting and, 78, 79
Greece, ancient: ceramics trade, 15, 182–83, 187–94
Green River Valley, Archaic hunter-gatherers on, 45–46, 52
grinding stones, groundstone, 8, 82, 105, 112, 172
Hallstatt culture, 185–86
hamlets: Chunchucmil area, 128–29; Zapotitan Valley, 111
Hekataios, 185
henequen, 121
Hérault, 184
Herodotos, 186
Heuneburg, 185
Hidatsa, eagle trapping, 36
horquetas, at Cerén, 107
horses, Plains trade, 24, 37–38
households, 166; agricultural, 168–69; Çatalhöyük, 169–74; Cerén, 11, 14, 97–98, 99–100, 103–6; Pueblo feasting, 77, 82; Zapotitan Valley, 110–12
houses of the dead, Senegal, 209
Huajje, obsidian from, 156
Huatacoa, 155
human remains, Archaic sites, 52, 53
hunter-gatherers: abundance, 47–48; diet, 52–53; entanglements, 54–56; food distribution and storage, 166, 167; investment in knowledge, 49–50; Ohio River Valley, 45–46; resources used by, 51–52; social relationships, 50–51; wealth of, 12–13
hunting: bison, 13, 23–24, 33; and Pueblo feasting, 83
Iberian Peninsula, Greek ceramic distribution, 187–92, 193–94
Iberians, 15; Greek Mediterranean, 184, 186–87, 194
iconography, Mesopotamian, 9–10
identity, in Greek colonies, 184–86, 193–94
Ilopango eruption, and Cerén, 104
inalienable possessions, 31, 34
Inca storehouses, 10
incense burners, in Cerén households, 104
India, and Yuan dynasty porcelain, 235
Indiana, Early Archaic in, 56
Indian Knoll (15Oh2) shell midden, 52, 54
Indonesia, Yuan dynasty porcelain, 234
infirm, care for, 53
Iniskim (buffalo stones), 29–30
Iran, Ardebil Shrine in, 234, 243–44
Iron Pipe, 30
irrigation systems, 12
Islamic art, 246(n1); and Yuan dynasty porcelains, 232, 234–35
Island of the Sun (Titicaca Basin), obsidian trade, 149
Istanbul, Yuan dynasty porcelain in, 234
Italy, Greek Mediterranean and, 15
Ixtepeque obsidian, 105
jade production, 130
Japan, 244; Chinese porcelain, 230, 232
Jingdezhen, porcelain manufacture, 16, 229, 231, 235–39, 240–42, 244–45, 246
jipijapa, 121
Ju/’hoansi, 166
Kajoor, king of, 213
Kala Uyuni, 155
Kashan, cobalt mine at, 234
Kentucky, Archaic hunter-gatherers in, 46, 52
Kenya, Chinese porcelain in, 234
Khanty, 51
Khartoum, 8
Khok Phanom Di (Thailand), 7
Kidder, Alfred II, at Pukara, 146
Kills Inside, 26
kitchen gardens, at Cerén, 105–6
kiva, 78–83
kiva jar, 76
knowledge: hunter-gatherer, 49–51; of resources, 53–54; ritual, 24, 30–31, 34; as wealth, 212–13
Konya Plain, 170
Kramer Mound site (12Sp7), 53
kraters, Greek, 189
kriging, 193, 194–95(n2); Greek pottery distribution, 187–92
Kroeber, Alfred, pottery analysis, 182
Kutoyis processing site, 27
Labna, 126
labor, 7, 9; in bison processing, 27; at Cerén households, 99, 103; in Chinese porcelain production, 235, 238; enslaved, 202–3; and social power, 210, 214–15
Landa, Diego de, on plant fiber production, 118, 119
Languedoc, Greek imports in, 187, 188, 189, 191, 191–92, 193, 194
La Téne period, 185
Late Prehistoric period, northern Plains, 23–24, 35
life force, Tewa views on, 69
lifeworld, 49; entangled, 54–56
liquor, in Senegal, 216
lithic art, Taraco area, 143–44
lithic assemblages, Taraco and Pukara, 139, 147–48, 149–53
llamas, 142
Loeschke, Georg, 182
Loma Caldera tephra, at Cerén, 95–96
lomb, 211
London, Chinese porcelains in, 244
Lone Man, shrine for, 37
Long Time Pipe, 34
maa tú, 85
Mailhac, 192
Mailhac II/Grand Bassin II type, 187
maize, 35, 112; ancestral Puebloan use of, 70–72, 83, 84; at Cerén, 101, 106, 108–9
manioc, Maya use of, 99, 102–3, 112–13
manufacturing: Chinese porcelain, 230–31; and globalized trade, 15–16
maritime trade, China, 16, 231–32
Massalia (Marseille), Greek trade, 184, 187, 188, 189, 190
Matoki (Buffalo Women) Society, 32
mats, Maya production of, 123
Maya, 100, 105; Classic period, 14, 95; craft specialization, 119–21; economic and social integration, 14, 111–12; plant fiber production and trade, 118–19, 121–28, 131, 132; trading system, 117–18. See also Cerén; Chunchucmil
Mbacké, 210
McPhee Village, feasting, 77, 78, 80–81
meat, at Çatalhöyük, 173–74
medicine wheels, 29
Mediterranean, Greek pottery distribution in, 182–83, 184, 187–94
megaliths, Senegambia, 202, 208
Mesa Verde region, 66, 68; agricultural production, 67, 70–72; feasting, 77–82; pottery assemblages, 73–76
Mesopotamia, iconography, 9–10
metallurgy, discard from, 8
metates and manos, at Cerén, 100, 105, 106–8
Mexico, 218
Meyer site (12Sp1082), 53
middens, Ohio Valley Archaic, 52, 54
Middle East, Chinese porcelains in, 231
Middle Precontact period, 35
Mikea, food storage, 167
Ming dynasty: porcelain in, 16, 230, 236–39, 244, 245, 246(n2)
Missouri River, trade and exchange on, 34–36
MNK “factory site,” 7
mobility, of commoners, 215
monoliths, Taraco area, 143–44
Monte Testaccio, 10
monumental architecture, 9; Senegambia, 201–2, 208–11
monuments: death lodge, 32; northern Plains, 24, 29
Morelli, Giovanni, 182
mortuary practices, 8; Greek, 191–92; Senegal, 208–11
motifs, 13; Ming dynasty, 237–38; Qing dynasty, 241–42; Yuan dynasty, 234–35
multiple-wall structures, 78
Mycenae, 182
nature, as giving parent, 48–49
Nayaka, 48
Ndiongolor, 217
Netherlands, Geldermalsen auction, 243
Nigeria, 219
Nil Kham Haeng, 8
Non Pa Wai, 8
novaculites, Blackfoot use of, 29
obsidian: Central Andes, 14–15, 139, 140, 141, 144, 148–56; at Cerén, 105, 109
ocher, red, northern Plains use of, 29, 30
offerings, Mandan, 37
Ohio River Valley, 47; Archaic hunter-gatherers in, 13, 45–46, 51–52, 54–56
Okan (Blackfoot Sun Dance), 28, 31
Okinawa, Yuan dynasty porcelain, 234
Old Bull (Bull Chaser) Society, 32
Oldovai, MNK “factory site,” 7
Oldowan period, 7
oral traditions, of state-making, 217
organism-persons, relationships with, 48, 50–51
Ottoman Turkey, Chinese porcelains in, 234, 243
oversized pit structures, at Mesa Verde region sites, 78, 79–81, 82, 83
Pacific Northwest, 7, 51, 167, 218
paints, Blackfoot collection and use of, 35
Pakbeh Regional Archaeological Project, 129, 130
Paleoindian period, eastern US, 55
palm fiber, Maya production and change, 14, 122–23, 124–28
Panama hats, production of, 122–23
pantry storage, Konya Plain, 170
paper, bark, 123
peasants, in Senegal, 215–17, 219
people: as economic resource, 202; northern Plains trade in, 24; as social power, 210; wealth in, 207, 211, 212–13
performance, 85; feasting as, 68, 77–78; in Senegal, 215, 217
perishable artifacts, Maya, 118–19
Persia, as cobalt source, 234, 235
persistent places, Ohio Valley Archaic, 54
Peru, obsidian trade in, 14–15
Peten, 105
Pézenas, 192
Pintupi, hidden storage, 167
pipe bundles, 33
pit structures, oversized, 78, 79–81, 82, 83
place-making, with discarded objects, 8, 55–56
Plains, bison-hunting complexes, 13, 23–24, 27–28. See also Blackfoot
Plains Woodland period, 35
plant fiber, Maya manufacture and trade in, 14, 117, 118–19, 121–28, 131, 132
plazas, at Puebloan sites, 78, 81, 83
podom, 211
political economy, Senegal, 204, 205, 207, 212–13, 218
polychromes, in Cerén households, 98, 101
population estimates, Blackfoot, 28
porcelain: Chinese trade in, 15–16, 239–40; displays of, 243–44; Ming dynasty, 236–39, 246(n2); Qing dynasty, 240–43, 245; Yuan dynasty, 232–36
portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF), obsidian sourcing, 141, 149
Portugal, 186, 212; and Greek trade, 15, 183
potatoes, Central Andes, 141
pottery, 9; accumulation of, 68, 72–73; analysis of, 181–82; Puebloan, 73–76; Titicaca Basin, 142–43
power, 9; people as, 210; and resource acquisition, 235
precipitation, Mesa Verde region, 70
prestige goods, bison hunters, 24
projectile points, Titicaca Basin, 154, 156
Ptolemaic era, graffiti, 9
Puebloans: agriculture, 13, 70–72; artifact accumulation, 73–76; feasts and ceremonies, 77–82, 84–85; scarcity and abundance, 66–67
Pueblo I period, 83; feasting, 79–80
Pueblo III period, Sand Canyon Pueblo, 81–82
Pukara, 139, 142, 157; excavations at, 146–48; obsidian trade, 14–15, 141, 149–52, 154, 155, 156
Pukara Archaeological Project, 146–47
Puno Bay obsidian, 156
PXRF. See portable X-ray fluorescence
Pyrenées-Orientales, Greek pottery in, 184
Qalasaya (Pukara), 146, 147, 148
Qaluyu obsidian, 156
Qing dynasty, porcelain trade, 16, 240–43, 245
querns, at Çatalhöyük, 172
quinoa, 141
Quispisisa obsidian source, 148
raw material. See resources
reciprocity, 85, 167; balanced, 100–101, 106
religious sites, Egyptian, 8–9
repurposing, of sites, 8–9
resources: access to, 28–29, 48; Chinese porcelain production, 234, 235, 238; Green and Ohio River Valleys, 51–52. See also by material type
Rhône River: as Celt-Iberian boundary, 186, 187; Greek imports on, 187, 193
Rio Grande region, northern, Tewa speakers, 66
ritual objects: Blackfoot, 29–33; at Cerén, 109–10
rituals, 5, 8, 9; bison-calling, 29, 31; Blackfoot societies, 32–33; communal feasting, 68, 77–78; Senegal elites, 216–17
ritual specialists, 50
Rocky Mountain Front, campsites, 27–28
Rousillon: Greek pottery in, 187, 189, 191, 192, 193; Iberians in, 186
rubber, Maya use of, 123
Sabal spp., 127–28
Sacred Ridge site, 83; feasting, 77, 78, 79–80
sacrifices: animal, 8; human, 203
Safavid dynasty, 243–44
Sahara, trade across, 209, 210
Sahel, elites in, 210
Saint-Blaise, Greek pottery in, 187, 188, 189, 190
Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, amphorai at, 191
salt trade: Chunchucmil, 121, 129; Greek Mediterranean, 184
San Andres (El Salvador), 14
Sand Canyon Pueblo, 76, 83, 84; feasting, 77, 78, 81–82
sandstone, Green and Ohio River Valley, 51
Santa Catarina, loot from, 242
Santa Clara Pueblo, 68
Saratoga points, 52
savanna products: Chunchucmil and, 119, 121–30; Maya trade in, 117–18
scarcity, 3, 10–11, 65, 96; in African narrative, 215, 219; economics of, 69–70; Ming dynasty porcelain production and, 237–38; in Pueblo society, 66–67, 84–85
Scarface, 30
Schliemann, Heinrich, 182
sculptures, Titicaca Basin, 142–43, 143–44
seeking life, 69
Senegal, Senegambia, 206; cultural economy, 204–5; enslavement in, 202–3; excessive economy in, 15, 203–4, 207; monumental architecture in, 201–2, 208–11; peasants in, 215–17; performance of wealth, 214–15; state centralization, 213–14; wealth-in-people, 212–13
sepultures, royal, 209
service relationships, Cerén households, 100, 108
serving bowls, 13; Mesa Verde region sites, 79, 80, 82, 84
serving pots, Çatalhöyük, 171–72
shamans, 50
sharing: food, 167, 175; as form of exchange, 100–101
shell middens, 8; Archaic, 52, 54
Shijiahe, 8
shipwrecks, with Qing dynasty porcelain, 240–43
shrines, 37
Sibun Valley (Belize), 130
siderite, 51
Sigean (Pech Maho), 192
Siin, 205, 211; Atlantic era, 213–14, 215–17
silver production, Spain, 193–94
Sixth Dynasty (Egypt), 8
skills, as wealth, 212–13
slaves, slave trade: Atlantic, 203; Maya trade in, 118; Senegambia, 202–3, 212–13; trans-Sahara, 210
Sloan site, 55
social memory, Puebloan, 68, 85
social networks: Blackfoot, 27; long-distance, 34–35; Puebloan, 85
social relationships: with animals, plants, and objects, 48–51; artifacts and, 4, 9; feasting and, 76–77; Maya, 129; Ohio Valley Archaic, 54–56; as wealth, 212
social stratification, 9; Celt and Iberian sites, 185–86; Maya, 131
societies, Blackfoot ritual, 32–33
Song dynasty, porcelain trade, 239
Southeast Asia, Chinese porcelain, 230
Spain, and Greek trade, 15, 183, 184, 187–94
spectacle, aesthetics of, 207
spirits, social relationships with, 48
spirituality, 69
Star Stories complex, 30
statehood, 12; performance of, 214–15, 217
status, 24, 194; waste as marker of, 153–54, 156–57. See also elites
stone effigies, northern Plains, 24
Stonehenge, 9
storage, of surplus food, 83–84, 166, 167
storage facilities/storehouses, 10; at Çatalhöyük, 169–74; Maya, 108, 112, 129
Strabo, 186
subsistence goods, exchange of, 141
sufficiency, 11
sumptuary laws, Chinese, 237
Sungir, 7
surplus, 96, 112, 207; storage and control of, 83–84, 170–71
Suspendian type, 187
Swan’s Landing, 56
Switzerland, Greek ceramics in, 15, 183
symposia, drinking at, 189, 190
Tang dynasty, maritime trade, 16, 231–32
Taraco, 139, 142, 157; burn event at, 145–46; lithic art at, 143–44; lithic assemblage from, 152–53; obsidian trade, 14–15, 141, 149, 154, 155, 156; political economy of, 144–45
Tartessos, 193–94
tea trade, 240
Tewa speakers, 66, 68, 69, 84–85
thatch, 14, 95, 98, 104–105, 122–131, 209
theft, in Cerén households, 112
Thunder Medicine Pipe Bundle, 30
tipi rings, 23–24
Titicaca Basin, 139; agriculture and craft specialization, 142–43; economy, 154–56; obsidian in, 14–15, 140, 141–42, 148–54; political economy of, 144–45; Pukara Archaeological Project, 146–47
tobacco, in Northern Plains, 29, 33
tombs: Greek vases in, 192; in Senegal, 208–11
Topkapi palace, Chinese porcelains in, 234, 243
trade, trade networks, 27; Chinese porcelain, 231–32, 239–40, 245–46; Chunchucmil, 131–32; gifts and commodities, 33–34; globalized, 15–16; Greek Mediterranean, 182–83, 184, 187–88; Maya, 14, 98, 117–19; northwestern Plains, 24, 36–38; Senegambia, 209, 210, 213, 214–15; Titicaca Basin, 139, 144–45, 148–49, 154
transportation, Chinese porcelains, 239–40
tumuli, in Senegambia, 202, 208, 209–11
Two Medicine River Valley, 27, 28
Ullastret, 186
UNESCO/Plan COPESCO, at Pukara, 146
Upper Paleolithic burials, 7
urbanism, 3, 12, 110, 117, 120, 123, 129, 132
value systems, 49, 69, 207; Blackfoot, 29–33
Varennes de la Verendrye, Pierre, 36
vases, Greek painted, 182–83, 185, 188, 191–92
VEP. See Village Ecodynamics Project
Village Ecodynamics Project (VEP), 67, 71, 72
villages, 215, 216; feasting at, 77–78; Senegal, 211, 215, 216
visions, Blackfoot, 30
Vix site, 185
volcanic ash, site preservation in, 95–96
waste: intentional, 238–39; as status marker, 153–54, 156–57
wealth, 5; Blackfoot ritual, 29–33; display of, 84, 207; horse, 37–38; hunter-gatherer, 12–13; northern Plains bison hunters, 24–25; people as, 211, 212–13; redistribution of, 100, 166–67
weaving, Panama hat, 122–23
West Africa, economies in, 15, 201, 202, 204
wheat, Çatalhöyük storage of, 172
wine: Greek, 189, 190–91, 194, 195(n6); in Senegal, 216–17
women, northern Plains capture of, 24
Yaxunah, palm thatch construction, 126–27, 128
Yellow Buffalo Lodge, 31
Yuan dynasty, porcelain in, 16, 232–36, 239, 245
Yucatan Peninsula, 120, 124; plant fiber production, 121–23; trading system, 14, 117
Zapotitan Valley, 14, 95, 97, 98; economy, 99–100; isolated households in, 110–12