Footnotes

Chapter 1

* In this chapter “Kurils” refers to the “Greater Kuril” island chain linking Hokkaido to Kamchatka. A shorter string of islands, known as the “Lesser Kurils,” stretches approximately 100 km northeast from Hokkaido’s Nemura Peninsula. These islands are not discussed in this chapter.

* Dates are given in calibrated calendar years BC or AD unless otherwise noted. Uncalibrated radiocarbon ages (raw dates) are designated as “rcybp.”

* Epi-Jomon populations likely ate a similar range of foods in the Kurils, but faunal remains dating prior to the Okhotsk period were hard to come by in the highly acidic volcanic soils of the Kurils.

Chapter 8

* Average annual precipitation levels range from a low of about 200 mm (8”) in the Hohokam area to a high of about 450 mm (18”) in the higher portions of the Mesa Verde area.