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Embracing Watershed Politics: Index

Embracing Watershed Politics

Index

Index

Accountability: in governance, 68–74; in Platte River Cooperative Agreement, 83–86

Administrative Procedures Act, 177

ADWR. See Arizona Department of Water Resources

Agency costs, 94, 96, 121(n11); policy implementation, 100–102

Agriculture, 79–80, 81, 104, 120(n6)

Alhambra, 139

Antero dam and reservoir, 76

Area-Wide Water Quality Monitoring Program, 142

Arizona, 70–71, 133, 179–80(n7)

Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR), 133

Arkansas River Basin, 158

Arkansas River Compact, 157

Army Corps of Engineers. See U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Azusa, 139, 146

Bartholomew and Associates, Harland, 145

Big Bend, 76, 186; endangered species recovery in, 77–78, 81; and Platte River Cooperative Agreement, 79, 85

Big Blue River, 155

Big Blue River Compact, 155

Biophysical goals, 45–46, 47

Birds, migratory, 76

Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), 107, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115–16, 121(nn13, 15)

Boulder Canyon Act, 35

Boundaries, ix, 19–20, 79; decision making, 60, 61–63; interstate compacts, 157–58; Platte River Basin, 80–81; as social constructs, 57–58; watershed, 24–25, 188–89

Bounded rationality, xi–xii, 91, 92–93, 96, 100, 103, 128, 189–90

BPA. See Bonneville Power Administration

British Columbia, Fraser Basin Council, 66

Buenos Aires Wildlife Refuge, 70–71

Bureaucracy, and decision making, 70–71

California, xiii(n1), 10, 12, 42, 133; water systems in, 131–32, 135, 138–39. See also San Gabriel River watershed

California Administrative Code, 142

California Department of Fish and Game, 10, 146

California Department of Health Services, 142, 143–44

California Department of Water Resources (DWR), 132, 140–41

Canada, 66, 106

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 142, 143

Catskill Mountains, 170

Central Basin (San Gabriel watershed), 136, 140, 142–43, 144

Central Basin Municipal Water District, 138, 141

Central Basin Water Association, 139

Cheeseman dam and reservoir, 76

Civil service systems, 101

Collaboration(s), collaboratives, 40, 41–42, 43–44, 64, 87–88(n2), 153, 159, 180(n10); grassroots ecosystem management, 72–73; nongovernmental, 73–74; partnerships, 193–94

Collective action, 23, 66

Colorado: interstate compacts with, 157, 158; and Platte River Basin, xiii(n1), 57, 74–76, 77, 78, 84, 88(n4), 163–64; water management in, 133–34

Colorado River, 35; water importation from, 138, 149

Colorado River Compact, 35

Columbia Fish and Wildlife Authority, 117

Columbia River Basin, xii, xiii(n1), 91, 179(n1), 184, 185, 188; human use of, 104–8; multiple users in, 191–92; Northwest Power Act and, 108–17; policy analysis in, 162–63; salmon recovery on, 117–19, 186

Commissions: Delaware River, 168–70; river basin, 30–31

Commitments, 103, 120(n4), 160; decision making, 98–99; interstate government, 163–64; under Northwest Power Act, 109–10, 112–13, 115; as transaction cost, 94–95, 96

Communities, 179(n3); of interest and identification, 134–35, 178; decision making in, 60–61, 62

Compacts: as constitutions, 154–55; development, of, 83, 171–72; interstate, 156–58, 160–61, 165–68, 179(n6)

Complex adaptive systems, 103, 151–52, 196(n1); decision making about, 13–16; governance structures in, 21–22; multiple-scale management in, 16–17, 186; uncertainty in, 5–8; watersheds as, 2–4, 187–88

Comprehensive integrated management, 91, 97, 100, 103

Compton, 141

Consensus, 41, 44–45, 47, 64–65, 66, 68, 82, 85

Constitutions, 179–80(nn5, 7), 195; compacts as, 154–55; irrigation district governance, 155–56

Cooperation, inter-governmental, 163–64. See also Collaboration(s), collaboratives

Coordination, inter-organizational, 132–34, 190

Cost-benefit analyses, by Army Corps of Engineers, 99

Cranes, on Platte River, 76, 81

Dams, 76, 106, 146

Decision making, vii, 1, 33, 49, 56, 87, 96, 112, 121(n9), 135; and accountability, 68–69; arrangements for, 63–64; boundary determination, 57–58; commitment and, 98–99; about complex adaptive systems, 13–16; and comprehensive integrated management, 100, 103; consensus, 40–42, 64–65; hierarchical, 67–68; among incommensurate alternatives, 97–98; and multiple accountability mechanisms, 70–71; participation in, 58–63; in Platte River Cooperative Agreement, 81–82, 85–86; in river basin development, 46–47; transaction costs of, 93–94; voting processes and, 65–66

Delaware, 165, 170

Delaware River Basin, xiii(n1), 153, 165, 166, 168, 169, 184, 185, 192; governance in, 171–72; water use in, 170–71, 181–82(nn12, 17), 187, 188, 189

Delaware River Basin Compact and Commission, xii, 72, 90, 152–53, 169; creation of, 165–68; and federal government, 172–73, 176–77; operation of, 173–76, 181(n14); Syracuse University report, 171–72

Democracy, multipurpose water projects and, 45–48

Denver, Platte River Basin, 77

Disturbance processes, 7

Drought, 35; Chiricahua leopard frogs in, 70–71; Delaware River Basin, 173–74

Drought protection, 124, 126–27

DWR. See Arizona Department of Water Resources; California Department of Water Resources

Easton, 170

East Valleys Organization, 144

Economies, 131; political, xi–xii; sustainable, 125, 127

Ecosystems, 9, 20, 107; as complex adaptive systems, 2–8; health of, 36, 49–50; management of, 26(n1), 36

Elections, accountability in, 69–70

Electric power, 98; Columbia River Basin, 105–6

Elevenmile Canyon dam and reservoir, 76

Endangered Species Act (ESA), 74; recovery of, 76–78, 80, 81, 84, 85; salmon and, 117, 118

Environmental conditions, 6, 176

Environmental Era, 28

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 34–35, 41, 118–19, 120(n7), 143–44

Environmental regulations/policies, 14, 40, 49

Environmental values, in water management, 33–34

EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency

ESA. See Endangered Species Act

Española valley, 67–68

Everglades, restoration of, 133

Federal agencies, 33, 190; consensus and cooperation among, 44–45; and Delaware River Basin, 171–72, 176–77; and governance structures, 193–94; and Northwest Power Planning Council, 114, 115–17; and river basin development, 37–38; and river basin commissions, 39–40, 53(n9)

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 77, 79, 81, 107, 114

Federal government, 53(n9), 181–82(nn13, 16, 17); Delaware River Basin Compact, 172–73; watershed management, 30–31; water development, 29, 32–33

Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, 38, 48

Federalism, xii, 152–54, 178, 179(nn2, 5), 185–86; policy analysis, 162–64

Federal Power Commission, 33, 38

FERC. See Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

First use rights, 94–95

Fish, 76, 186; Columbia River Basin, 106, 108; habitat protection, 10, 12, 22–23; recovery plans, 109–10, 111, 112, 113–15, 116–18, 163, 188, 189

Fish and wildlife agencies, 91; and Northwest Power Planning Council, 109–10, 114–17

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (1976), 107, 108

Fish Propagation Panel, 114

Flood control, 129–30, 150(n1), 170

Flood Control Act, 99

Flood hazard reduction, 124–25, 126

Flood response, 124–25

Foothill Municipal Water District, 138

Fragmentation, 196(n2); institutional, 190–91; natural resource management, 191–92

Fraser Basin Council, 66

Friends of the San Gabriel River, 146

Frogs, Chiricahua leopard, 70–71

Funding, under Northwest Power Act, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116, 121(n15)

FWS. See U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Governance, x–xi, 91, 179(n3), 194–95; accountability in, 68–74; Delaware River Basin, 171–72, 177; determining boundaries, 57–58; federal style of, 153–54, 156–61, 178, 179(n5), 180(n11), 185–86, 193–94; irrigation districts, 155–56; Platte River Cooperative Agreement, 85–86; politics of, 55–56; structures of, 21–22. See also Type I governance structures; Type II governance structures

Grand Island, 76

Grassroots Ecosystem Management (GREM), 64; accountability in, 72–73

Great Depression, 32, 45

GREM. See Grassroots Ecosystem Management

Groundwater, 129–30; contamination of, 142–45, 186–87; in Delaware River system, 174–75; interstate compacts, 157, 158–59; in Platte River system, 79–80, 81; in San Gabriel River watershed, 136, 139–41, 148–49, 188, 192–93

Guernsey dam and reservoir, 76

Habitat protection, 8, 10, 126, 186; Platte River Basin, 57, 76–77

Hart, Gary, 72

Human communities, and ecosystems, 20

Human impacts, 6, 9–10

Hydroelectric power: Columbia River, 105–7, 110, 112, 114, 115–16; Platte River, 76, 77–78, 79

Idaho, Columbia River Basin, 108

INCODEL. See Interstate Commission on the Delaware River Basin

Incommensurate alternatives, 97–98, 111, 120(n7), 121(n8)

Industry, Columbia River Basin, 104

Inland Waterways Commission, 52(n6)

Institutions, 2, 20, 135, 183–84; accountability, 68–74; complex systems of, 25–26; fragmentation of, 190–91; governance, 21–22; Santa Ana River Basin, 22–23

Instream flows, 126

Integration, inter-organizational, 132–33

Interests: agricultural, 79–80, 81; in decision making, 58–63

Interstate Commission on the Delaware River Basin (INCODEL), 168–70

Irrigation: districts, 63, 155–56; Platte River system, 76, 77, 88(n4)

Kansas, interstate compacts, 155, 157, 158, 179(n6)

Kansas River, 155

King and Kern Rivers development, 33

Kingsley Dam, 76, 77–78

Landscape, 1; institutional, 190–91

Leichter, Maxine, 144–45

Little Blue River, 155

Long Beach, 141, 146

Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council, 146

Los Angeles County: San Gabriel River watershed, 135–36, 141, 144; urbanization, 136–39

Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, 141, 146, 147

Los Angeles County Flood Control District, 143

Los Angeles River Basin, 145, 150

McConaughy, Lake, 76, 77

Main San Gabriel Basin, 136, 138, 140, 141, 149, 188; water quality issues, 142, 143–44; watermaster authorities, 144–45

Main San Gabriel Basin Water Quality Authority, 145

Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California, 131–32, 138, 149

Mining, Columbia River Basin, 104

Missouri River Basin, 33

Monongahela River, 36

Montana, 108

Monterey Park, 139

Multiple accountability mechanisms, 70–71

Multiple goals, of watershed management, 124–27

Municipalities, 104, 128; San Gabriel River watershed, 136–39, 141, 146

MWD. See Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), 108, 117, 118

National Park Service, 33

National Planning Board, 30, 37

National Resources Board, viii, 37, 38

National Resources Committee, 37, 48

National Resources Planning Board, 38

National Water Commission, 29

National Watershed Forum, 24

Natural resource management, viii, 28, 60, 80; changing agendas of, 186–87; fragmentation of, 191–92; multiple-scale organizations, 16–17. See also Resource management, integrated

Natural systems, 151–52

Nebraska: agriculture in, 79–80, 81; interstate compacts with, 155, 157, 158–59, 179(n6); Platte River Basin in, xiii, 57, 74, 76, 77–78, 84, 88(n4), 163–64

Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, 80, 164

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, 77

New Deal Era, 28, 29, 32

New England River Basin Commission, 36

New Jersey, 166–68, 169, 170, 176

New York, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 176

New York City, 165, 166, 167–68, 169, 170, 181(n12)

NMFS. See National Marine Fisheries Service

North Platte, 76

North Platte Decree, 157

North Platte River, 74–75, 81

Northwest Power Act, 108; Congressional role, 111–13

Northwest Power Planning Council, xii, 91, 104, 121(n13); federal agencies and, 115–17; plan developed by, 113–15; policy analysis in, 162–63; role of, 108–10, 118–19

Ohio River Commission, 36

Olmsted Brothers, 145

Orange County Water District, 10

Oregon, Columbia River Basin, 108, 191–92

Oregon State University, salmon recovery, 118

Organizations, 2, 50; accountability in, 68, 69; coordination among, 132–34; hydrologically based, 23–24; multiple-scale management, 16–17, 190–91; overlapping, 160–61; polycentric structures of, 17–18, 134–35; voluntary, 159–60

Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (1964), 107

Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act (1980), 108, 110–11

Partnerships, viii–ix, 23–24, 40; collaborative, 42–44, 54(nn14, 15, 16), 193–94; as experiments in democracy, 47–48; municipal, 138–39; watershed, 50–51

Pathfinder dam and reservoir, 76

PCE. See Tetrachloroethylene

Pennsylvania: Delaware River, 165, 166, 167–68, 169, 170; groundwater issues, 174–75

Philadelphia, water supply, 165, 169

Planning, 53(nn9, 10), 189; Columbia River Basin, 109–10; integrated, viii, 48–49, 50; by Northwest Power Planning Council, 113–15, 118; in Rio Grande Basin, 67–68; in river basin development, 30–31, 35–36, 37–38, 53(n12)

Platte River Basin, xiii(n1), 56–57, 74–75, 164, 179(n1), 184, 185, 188; habitat protection in, 76–77; overlapping boundaries in, 80–81; water use in, 77–80, 187, 189

Platte River Cooperative Agreement, xiii(n1), 57, 78, 79, 88(n5); accountability in, 83–86; decision-making processes in, 81–82

Plovers, piping, 76

Policy analysis, federalism in, 162–64

Policymaking, 25, 52(n2), 52–53(n6), 56, 64, 65, 88(n3), 133, 134; agency costs, 100–102; diverse preferences and, 102–3

Pomona Valley Municipal Water District, 138

Predator-prey relationships, 10

Provision-production, 129–31; groundwater systems, 139–41

Public participation, Northwest Power Act program, 112

Raymond Basin, 136, 140, 141, 150(n3)

Raymond Basin Management Board, 141

Recreation: Los Angeles and San Gabriel Basins, 145–46; water-based, 125–26, 127

Regional Water Quality Control Board: water quality issues, 142, 143, 144

Reiner, Ira, 144

Republican River Compact, 157, 158–59, 180(nn8, 9)

Reservoirs, 76, 106, 181(n15)

Resource management, integrated, 8–10, 31–32, 33, 66–67

Rio Grande, watershed planning in, 67–68

Rio Hondo, 136, 150

Rio Hondo Channel, 147

River basin commissions, 30–31, 32–33, 35–36, 48, 49, 54(n18), 72, 89; development decisions, 46–47; role and function of, 39–40, 53(nn9, 10, 11)

River basin development, 32–34, 35, 37–38, 48, 53(n12); decisions in, 46–47; goals and democracy in, 45–46

River basins, 25; management of, 16, 30–31, 89–90, 119(n1). See also by name

River restoration, 9, 126

Salmon fisheries: in Columbia River Basin, 106, 107–8, 110–12, 113–15, 116–17; recovery of, 91, 117–19

Salmon 2100, 118–19

San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and Mountains Conservancy, 147

San Gabriel River, 136, 141, 150, 192; restoration of, 145–47

San Gabriel River Master Plan Committee, 146–47

San Gabriel River watershed, xii, xiii(n1), 127–28, 131, 135, 184, 185; groundwater contamination in, 142–45, 186–87; groundwater use, 139–41, 188, 192–93; management of, 147–50; municipal partnership in, 136–39

San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District, 139, 145

Santa Ana River watershed, xiii(n1), 11(fig.), 12, 136, 138, 184, 185; habitat protection in, 10, 186; institutional structures on, 22–23

Santa Ana River Watershed Group, 23

Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority, 10, 23

Santa Fe Dam Recreation area, 146

Scale matching, 18–19

Science, 70, 88(n5), 120(n2); in policy making, 13–14; and salmon recovery, 110–11; uncertainty in, 5–8, 15

Seawater barrier, San Gabriel watershed, 131

Seminoe dam and reservoir, 76

Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources, viii, 39

Sierra Club, 144–45, 176

Sierra Madre, 139

Snake River Basin: hydroelectric power, 105–6; salmon on, 116, 117, 118

Socioeconomic goals, 45, 46, 47

South Platte River, 76

South Platte River Basin, 158

South Platte River Compact, 74

South Platte Cooperative Agreement, 161

Special districts, 128

Stakeholders, 41, 58–59

State agencies, 79

States, 83, 84, 91, 179–80(nn7, 8); Columbia River Basin, 106, 191–92; compacts, 156–58; Delaware River Basin Compact, 172–73; irrigation districts, 155–56; water allocation in, 80–81. See also various states

State Water Project (California), 131–32, 138–39

Stream teams, 24

Sturgeon, pallid, 76

Suckers, Santa Ana, 10, 12, 22

Superfund site, San Gabriel Basin as, 143–44

Sustainable economies, 125, 127

Syracuse University, Delaware River development, 170–71

TCE. See Trichloroethylene

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 29, 52(n2), 98

Terns, least, 76

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 142, 143

Three Valleys Municipal Water District, 138, 145

Timber industry, Columbia River Basin, 104

Title II river basin commissions, 30–31, 89

Tocks Island, 170, 175–76

Torres, Art, 144

Torres, Esteban, 144

Transaction costs, 91, 103, 121(n11); agency and commitment and, 94–95; decision making and, 93–94; interactions of, 95–96

Treaties: with Canada, 105–6; tribal, 108

Treaty Related to the Cooperative Development of the Water Resources of the Columbia River Basin, 105–6

Trenton, 165

Tribes, 91, 163; salmon and trout fisheries, 106, 117, 118; treaty fishing rights, 108, 112

Trichloroethylene (TCE), in San Gabriel Basin groundwater, 142, 143

Trout, steelhead, 106

TVA. See Tennessee Valley Authority

Two Forks reservoir, 77, 88(n4)

Type I governance structures, 21, 22, 23, 36, 39, 160, 193

Type II governance structures, 21, 22, 23, 36, 39, 160, 193

Udall, Stewart, 172

Umatilla Basin, 116

Unanimity rules, 64–65, 158

Uncertainty, in complex adaptive systems, 5–8, 13–16

Unified river basin management, 30

U.S. Army Corps of Engineer, 32, 33, 38, 52–53(nn6, 9, 12), 54(n18), 99; Columbia River Basin, 105, 107; Delaware River Basin, 170, 172, 174, 175–76

U.S. Bureau of the Budget, 38

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 32, 33, 35, 38, 53(n9); Columbia River Basin, 105, 106, 107; Platte River Basin, 74, 78, 82

U.S. Congress, 83, 99; and Delaware River projects, 175–76; interstate compacts and, 160–61; and Northwest Power Act, 109–10, 111–13, 121(n15)

U.S. Department of the Interior, and Platte River Basin, 78, 88(n5)

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), 10, 12, 76–77, 82, 84, 108

U.S. Forest Service, 33

U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, 108

U.S. Supreme Court, 74; Delaware River water allocation, 166, 168, 169–70, 173; interstate compacts, 83, 156–57, 158, 159

Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District (USGVMWD), 138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145

Upper San Gabriel Valley Water Association, 139, 140, 141

USGVMWD. See Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District

Valley County Water District, 142

Veto points, 160–61

Voting processes, decision making through, 65–66, 68

Washington, 42, 108

Wastewater treatment, 125

Water accounting, 84–85

Water allocation, 155, 156–57; Delaware River, 169–70; over-, 158–59, 164

Water budget, Northwest Power Act plan, 113, 117, 118, 121(n14)

Water conservation and reuse, 125

Water development projects, multipurpose, 31–33

Water districts, 63, 79; Southern California, 131–32, 138–39

Water management, xi, 34, 45, 155

Watermasters, San Gabriel River watershed, 140–41, 142, 143, 144–45

Water production, 129, 130–31

Water projects, 53(n10), 129; Delaware River, 170, 175–76, 181–82(n17); Endangered Species Act and, 77–78; multipurpose, 45–46; in Platte River system, 79, 86, 88(n4)

Water provision, 129, 130–31

Water quality, 12, 125; in Delaware River Basin, 172, 173, 174; monitoring, 22–23, 155; in San Gabriel River watershed, 142–45

Water Resources Act (1965), 29, 30–31, 36, 39

Water Resources Council, 30, 39, 40, 46, 54(n18), 121(n10)

Water resources management, 19, 28

Watershed Collaborative Era, 28–29; management in, 36–37

Watershed groups, 41–42

Watershed management, integrated, 8–10, 31–32, 33, 66–67

Watershed movement, 27–28, 33–34, 41, 47–48, 49

Water storage, 126–27

Water supply reliability, 124

Water use, 25, 60, 125–26, 128, 150(n2), 187, 189; Colorado, 133–34; Columbia River Basin, 104–8; Delaware River, 165, 170–71, 181(n12); Platte River, 57, 76–78, 79, 84, 86; San Gabriel River watershed, 139–41

Water use rights, 95, 120(n6)

Wells, Platte River system, 79

West Basin (San Gabriel watershed), 136, 140, 142–43

West Basin Municipal Water District, 138

West Basin Water Association, 139

Whittier Narrows, 136, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146

Whittier Narrows Recreation Area, 146

Whooping Crane Trust, 81

Wildlife, in Columbia River Basin, 104, 108, 111

Willamette River, 192

Wyoming, 157; Platte River Basin, xiii(n1), 57, 74, 76, 78, 81, 84, 88(n4), 163–64

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